This section takes into account the engagement of individuals and households in any agricultural activities, either as operator or worker/laborer. This section also collects information on the agricultural land characteristics, involvement in any agricultural organization, and effects of climate change on agricultural activities.
This set of information is seen to provide reliable data to relevant National Government Agencies (NGAs) such as the Department of Agriculture (DA) and Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). The CBMS agriculture data could be used in updating DA’s Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture (RSBSA). DAR on the other hand can refer to the information on household’s or individual’s landownership and participation in agricultural programs. Other relevant agencies could make use of the information on the household’s climate change experience and perceived impact on their agricultural activity and environment.
In addition, this section also aims to provide estimates to address selected statistics under Sustainable Development Goal 5, Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Possible inputs to the indicator 5.a.1 agricultural land ownership by sex can be generated from data that will be collected from the questions in this section.
The questions for this section are divided into seven (7) parts:
- Agricultural land ownership and other details about the agricultural land – Items G01 and G10
- Profile of and activities of agricultural workers – Items G11.1 to G19
- Engagement in growing of crops – Items G20 to G26
- Engagement in rearing of livestock and poultry – Items G27 to G33
- Engagement in aquaculture – Items G34 to G46
- Engagement in fish capture – Items G47 to G57
For the purpose of CBMS data collection, the following definitions will be adopted as operational definitions:
Engagement in Agricultural Activities
| Agricultural and Fishery Activity/ies |
|---|
|
A person is engaged in agricultural activity if he/she performs any of the following roles in any of the activities mentioned above:
| Role/s in Engaged in Growing of Crops and/or Livestock and Poultry | Role/s in Engaged in Aquaculture and/or Fish Capture and/or Gleaning (Gathering of Shells) |
|---|---|
|
|
A person can be an agricultural operator for growing of crops, raising of livestock and/or poultry, raising of breeder dogs and racehorses for sale and for other agricultural activities such as contract growing of trees, growing of orchids for sale, gardening of ornamental and flowering plants for sale, culturing of bee, silkworm, and earthworm.
Agricultural Activities
Adopting the concepts and operational definitions from the 2022 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (CAF) Enumerator’s Manual, the agricultural activities are as follows:
Growing of Crops
Growing of crops is an activity that involves preparing the soil to actual planting of the crops and cultivating these crops until harvest time for food and other agricultural purposes. This activity may include soil aeration, watering, irrigating, pest control, fertilizer application, and other practices to improve production. Crops that are grown include a wide range of plants such as cereals, root crops, vegetables, and fruit trees that are suitable for human consumption or as feed for livestock/poultry. Crops not grown as food include herbal/medicinal plants for sale; grasses and feedstocks; industrial crops such as cotton and rubber tree.
1.a. Growing of crops in an agricultural land/parcel agricultural land
1.b. Growing of crops in an urban garden (e.g., hydroponics, vertical gardening)
urban agriculture:
1.b.i. hydroponics: a method of growing food using mineral nutrient solutions instead of soil
1.b.ii. vertical gardening: a method of growing plants in a vertical space i.e., walls, rooftops
Livestock and/or Poultry Raising
Livestock and poultry raising is the rearing or farming of animals mainly for agricultural purposes. The animals are usually kept or reared in captivity for meat or for harvest of animal products such as eggs, and milk. In general, raising these animals may involve feeding and putting them in a shelter or letting them pasture in an open field depending on the availability of feedstocks or water. Animals raised include those present in the holding, as well as those being grazed in communal grazing land or in transit at the time of the enumeration.
Livestock are domesticated animals with four legs kept or reared in captivity mainly for agricultural purposes. This includes carabao, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbit, horses, and swine.
Poultry is a collective term for all domesticated avian kept or reared in captivity mainly for agricultural purposes. This includes chickens, ducks, quail, geese, turkey, pigeon, and ostrich.
Aquaculture
Aquaculture is the farming and culturing of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. The organisms are propagated in fishponds and fish pens, seaweed farm, mussel farm, and oyster farm.
Pond management techniques for fish and shrimp culture include the following basic activities: pond preparation, stocking, feeding, water management, pond maintenance, and harvesting.
Fishing/Fish Capture
Fishing refers to the catching and gathering of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other marine organisms and products, including other aquatic plants.
It is the catching, collecting, and gathering activities directed at removing or collecting live wild aquatic organisms predominantly fish, mollusks (such as clams, snails, octopus, and squid) and crustaceans (such as crabs, lobsters, shrimps and crayfish) including plants from the sea or inland waters for human consumption and other purposes by hand or various types of fishing gear such as nets, lines, and stationary traps.
Excluded from the scope of the data collection are sports fishing, and catching/gathering of fish, including ornamental fish and other aquatic products such as corals as a hobby.
Gleaning/gathering of shells
Gleaning is a fishing method of gathering and collecting of shellfish commonly practiced along shallow coastal areas (Source: RSBSA Enrollment Form).
Renting of agricultural machineries, fishing boats/vessels (including the machine/boat operator)
Rental of farm machinery/equipment refers to offering (for a fee or rent) the use of machinery/equipment for agricultural and/or aquaculture production, such as tractor, thresher, pump, and generator. Also, included in this category are machinery/ equipment which are owned by the barangay and lent to the farmers/aquafarm operators in the barangay for a fee.
Other Agricultural Activities
Adopted also from the 2022 CAF are these other agricultural activities which include:
a. contract growing of trees
b. growing of orchids, ornamental plants, and flower gardening for sale
c. urban gardening/rooftop gardening (ex. in pots, small plots, used bottles)
d. growing of crops using hydroponics/aquaponics/aeroponics
e. temporary fallowing of crop farm parcel for soil nutrient recovery
f. operate a farm parcel or kept idle for at most five (5) years
g. contract growing of livestock and/or poultry and “paiwi”
h. raising of breeder dogs for sale such as Bulldog, Terrier, Labrador, Chihuahua, German Shepherd and Shih Tzu
i. raising racehorses for sale such as Arabian horse, American Paint Horse, American Quarter Horse, Tennessee Walking Horse and Thoroughbred
j. bee culture/honey production
k. vermiculture/earthworm culture
l. sericulture/silk/cocoon production
If there are operators of livestock and/or poultry in the household, select the names of livestock and/or poultry operators. In the list of livestock and poultry raised or tended, select all applicable types of livestock and poultry raised or tended for all of these livestock and/or poultry operators.
EXCLUDED as agricultural and fishery activities are:
- raising of game fowls and other livestock/poultry solely for recreation and amusement, and/or used for transportation not in connection with the activities of the farm or holding and for propagation services
- temporarily tending of livestock/poultry animal already scheduled for slaughter, and
- caring of plants/ornamentals/livestock/poultry animals for sale when the trader acts only as middleman and does not propagate own stocks for sale.
- Fish processing
- Fish vending
In items (b) and (c), tending of animals/plants is done only to maintain the lives of the stocks for sale.
Role in Agricultural and Fishery Activities
Agricultural Operator/Holder
Any of the following is considered as agricultural operator:
An agricultural operator is a person who takes the technical and administrative responsibility of managing a farm or holding. He/she is responsible for making the decisions of the operation, including the management and supervision of hired labor.
An agricultural holder is a civil or juridical person who/that exercises management control over the agricultural operation of a holding and takes major decisions regarding resource use. The holder has technical and economic responsibility for the holding and may undertake all responsibilities directly, that is, he/she operates the holding or delegates responsibilities related to day-to-day work management to a hired manager.
An agricultural operator is the same as the agricultural holder with technical and economic responsibility over the agricultural holding/farm. He/she is responsible for making the major decisions of the operation of the agricultural holding/farm, including the management and supervision of hired labor.
An agricultural operator is the owner or tenant/lessee of the holding/farm who is solely responsible for the technical and economic decisions and implementation of the plans involving the types of crops to be planted in relation to the type of soil in the agricultural farm, amount of water to be used in irrigating the farm, fertilizer, time of planting and other farm implements, and other consequences that may result from the farm operation.
An agricultural holder/operator who hires persons to supervise the day-to-day operation of his/her/its holding/farm but still exercises management of the holding/farm is still the agricultural/operator of the holding/farm because he/she/they has/have the final decisions technically and financially in his/her/their holding/farm.
Hired Manager in an Agricultural Operation
A hired manager in the agricultural operation is a person being paid a salary or wage, sometimes plus a commission, by other private individuals, corporations, cooperatives, institutions, and others to operate the holding or be responsible of the day-to-day operation of the farm, livestock and/or poultry farm. He/she may supervise other persons who work in the farm. He/she is different from a caretaker or overseer since the latter merely carries out his employer’s instructions.
A person hired to supervise the day-to-day activities in the holding owned by another household or by a juridical person is NOT AN AGRICULTURAL HOLDER/OPERATOR for the 2023 CBMS as adopted from the 2022 CAF. He/she is called a hired manager. Please note or remember the following:
Hired manager is NOT AN AGRICULTURAL HOLDER/OPERATOR unless he is also operating his own agricultural holding/farm.
He is one of those hired laborers that will be counted in the section for hired laborers.
A hired manager in the agricultural operation is a person being paid a salary or wage, sometimes plus a commission, by other private individuals, corporations, cooperatives, institutions, and others to operate the holding or be responsible of the day-to-day operation of the crop, livestock, and/or poultry farm. He/she may supervise other persons who work in the farm. A hired manager is different from a caretaker or overseer since the latter merely carries out his employer’s instructions.
Agricultural Operator on Own Account (Farm owner and operator)
An operator on own account is the owner or tenant/lessee of the holding/farm who is solely responsible for the technical decisions and implementation of the plans involving the use of water, fertilizer, time of planting and other farm implements, and who responsible for the consequences that may result from the farm operation.
An agricultural operator who hires persons to supervise the day-to-day operation of his holding but still exercises management of the holding shall also be considered as an agricultural operator on his own account.
Before moving onto other types of engagement in agricultural activities, please find below a summary of examples of who to consider as agricultural operators:
Examples of Household Agricultural Operators:
A. Crop Farm Operator
- A farmer who owns the land he/she tills and makes day-to-day decisions regarding the use of the land, and crops to grow.
- A farmer who rents the land he/she cultivates and takes the major decision regarding the use of the land, and crops to grow.
- A farmer who leases the land he/she cultivates and makes the major decision regarding the use of the land, and crops to grow.
- An owner of the land who makes the major decision regarding the use of the land, and crops to grow and manages the supervision and payment of hired laborers.
- A tree holding contractor who rents trees and is responsible for the care and harvest of the produce. However, if any of the contractor of the landowner is tending/raising livestock and/or poultry in the same parcel, the landowner should be the one to report them.
B. Livestock/Poultry Farm Operator
- A livestock and poultry owner who is responsible in running the raising of animals and making the day-to-day major decisions about their care, well-being, and growth of the livestock and/or poultry.
- A raiser and owner of livestock and/or poultry who leaves the day-to-day responsibility of raising/tending the animals to the hired worker/designated manager.
- A contract grower is one who raises the animals for the integrators or for other economic units under certain conditions. The grower provides the housing or the area where to raise the animals, feeds the animals, and provides the utilities and other miscellaneous expenses. Usually, the chicks or the piglets, feeds, and vaccines are supplied by the integrator or another party. The grower is then paid an agreed fee in exchange for his labor, management, and use of facilities.
An integrator is one who provides all the intermediate inputs required, such as chicks (in the case of poultry), feeds, vaccines, and technical services. Once the animals have grown, the integrator handles the marketing. Examples of integrators are San Miguel Foods, Inc. (SMFI), Bounty Fresh Foods, Universal Robina Corp (URC), RFM Foods (Swifts), Cobb-Vantress, Phil-Malay, Foster Foods, Vitarich, and Sustamina.
The following are EXCLUDED as agricultural operators:
i. A caretaker and overseer who merely carries out his employer’s instructions. For example, a person hired by a livestock and/or poultry owner to look after the animals is not an agricultural operator. The hiring arrangement may involve payment in cash or in other forms such as share of the livestock and/or poultry produce.
- Laborer (livestock and poultry, aquaculture, fish capture, other agricultural activity)
The Agricultural Land Reform Code defines a farm laborer as “any agricultural wage, salary or piece worker but is not limited to a farm worker of a particular farm employer... Laborers are those who have not obtained any equivalent and regular employment”. (Source: Agricultural Land Reform Code)
Livestock farm laborers perform simple and routine tasks in farm production of animals, including poultry.
Some other tasks include:
- digging and shoveling to clear ditches or for other purposes;
- loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;
- feeding, watering, and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean;
- monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition;
- assisting with maintaining the health and welfare on their condition;
- assisting with herding, droving and separating livestock for milking, shearing, transportation or slaughter and between pastures;
- collecting eggs and placing in incubators;
- raking, pitching, stacking, and storing hay, straw and other types of animals feed and bedding grading, sorting, packing produce into containers; and
- performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, and fences
Fishery and Aquaculture Laborers perform simple and routine tasks to cultivate, catch and harvest fish and seafood in aquaculture and inland, coastal, and deep-sea fishing operations.
Some other tasks include:
- cleaning the seabed and feeding fish and molluscs that are being cultivated;
- gathering seaweed, sea mosses, clams and other molluscs;
- preparing nets, lines and other fishing tackle and other deck equipment;
- cleaning, sorting and packaging fish and seafood in ice and salt and stowing catch in hold;
- cleaning deck surfaces and fish hold; and
- handling mooring lines during docking.
Source: 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Classification
Crop Farmworker
A crop farmworker performs simple and routine tasks in the production of crops such as fruits, nuts, grains, and vegetables on farms.
Some other tasks include:
- digging and shoveling to clear ditchers or for other purposes;
- loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;
- raking, pitching and staking straw, hay and similar material;
- watering, thinning, and weeding crops by hand or using hand tools;
- picking fruit, nuts, vegetables and other crops;
- planting and harvesting field crops, such as rice, by hand;
- grading, sorting, bunching, and packing produce into containers; and
- performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, and fences
Aquaculture Operator
An aquaculture operator is a person who takes the technical and economic responsibility of managing the day-to-day operation of an aquafarm. The aquaculture operator is responsible for making major decisions including the management and supervision of hired workers in his/her aquafarm. He/she may do the farming/culturing of aquatic products himself/herself or with the members of his household or may employ others to do the job for him/her.
An aquaculture operator is solely responsible for the major technical decisions and implementation of plans involving the type of species to culture, stocking rate, and/or when to harvest. He/she is responsible for the technical and economic consequences that may result from the aquaculture operation. He/she may hire workers to do the job for him/her.
Hired Manager in Aquaculture Activity
There are cases when a manager is hired to supervise the day-to-day activities in the aquafarm owned by another household or by a juridical person.
A hired manager in the aquaculture operation is a person being paid a salary or wage, sometimes plus a commission, by other private individuals, corporations, cooperatives, and institutions to operate or be responsible for the day-to-day aquaculture operation. He/she may supervise other persons who work in the aquafarm. A hired manager is different from a caretaker or overseer since the latter merely carries out his employer’s instructions.
Please note or remember the following:
- He/she is NOT AN OPERATOR.
- He/she is representing only the aquaculture holder/operator in responding to the 2023 CBMS questionnaire.
Examples of aquaculture operators:
- An aquafarm owner who is directly or indirectly involved in the aquaculture activity and makes the decision regarding the aquaculture operation. He/she may hire laborers or workers to maintain the aquafarm facilities, provide feeds, and harvest aquafarm products.
- Aquafarm operator who rents the aquafarm and is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the aquafarm.
- Raiser of ornamental fish for sale.
The following are excluded as aquaculture operators:
i. Trade/seller in pet shops as he/she is only responsible for keeping the ornamental fishes in a marketable shape.
Fishing Operator
A fishing operator is a person who takes the technical and economic responsibility of managing the day-to-day fishing operation. He/she is responsible for making major decisions, including the management and supervision of hired workers in his/her fishing operation. He/she may do the catching or gathering of aquatic products alone or with the members of his household. He/she may not do the catching or gathering of aquatic products but may employ others to do the job for him/her. He/she may be the owner of the fishing boat and/or fishing gear.
A fishing operator is solely responsible for the major technical and economic decisions and implementation of plans involving when and where to go out fishing, what fishing gears/ accessories/devices to use, and other fishing activity and responsible for the consequences that may result from the fishing operation. He/she may hire workers to do the job for him/her and may own a boat/vessel and/or fishing gears.
Hired Manager in Fishing Activity
There are cases when a manager is hired to supervise the day-to-day fishing operation by another household or by a juridical person.
A hired manager in the fishing operation is a person being paid a salary or wage, sometimes plus a commission, by other private individuals, corporations, cooperatives, institutions, and others to operate or be responsible for the day-to-day fishing operations. A hired manager is different from a caretaker or overseer since the latter merely carries out his employer’s instructions.
Please note or remember the following:
- He/she is NOT AN OPERATOR.
- He/she is representing only the fishing holder/operator in responding to the 2023 CBMS questionnaire.
Examples of fishing operators:
- Fisherman who owns a boat/vessel and is responsible for the major decision technically and financially on when and where to go out fishing, what fishing gears to use, whether or not to bring an assistant in the fishing activity, or how many fish workers to take along to assist him when he goes out fishing.
- Fisherman who rents or borrows a boat/vessel and is responsible for the decision on when and where to go out fishing, what fishing gears to use, whether or not to bring an assistant in the fishing activity, or how many fish workers to take along to assist him when he goes out fishing.
- Owner of fishing boats/vessels who may not be engaged personally in the catching or gathering of fishery products but is responsible in the technical and economic management of the fishing operation. He/she may hire workers and laborers for his fishing operation. In this case, the owner of the fishing boats/vessels is a fishing operator.
- Persons engaged in shoreline fishing and gathering of shells usually done in seashores and tidal flats and do not require the use of boat.
The following are excluded as fishing operator:
i. a boat owner whose only business is rental of boats to fishermen; and ii. fish workers who are hired for pay to help in the fishing activity.
Be reminded of the following qualifiers to be considered as agriculture and livestock and poultry operator:
- For engagement in agriculture, there should be at least 10 productive permanent trees (mango, coconut, etc.);
- for potted plants, there should be at least five (5) pots;
- for poultry, at least 10 birds which consist of one (1) adult male and female; for ostrich, one (1) adult; and
- for livestock, at least one (1).
NOTE: These qualifiers are exploratory and still for further study.
Begin by reading the section introduction to the respondent:
“The next questions will ask about the engagement of the household in agricultural activities. Agricultural activities are activities involving the growing of crops, livestock and poultry, aquaculture, fishing, etc.”
G01: Operator in agricultural activity
This question serves as one of the screening questions for this section. If the household previously responded in F02, rows D and/or E, and/or in F03, rows A and/or B is ‘1’ for Yes, will be asked of this question.
Ask the respondent, “In the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 – February 28, 2023), does any member of your household operate the agricultural activity mainly using _____?”. Mention to the respondent the following categories:
| Code | Description | Skipping Instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Agricultural land/parcel | |
| 2 | Hydroponics | GO TO G11.1 |
| 3 | Urban gardening/rooftop gardening | GO TO G11.1 |
This item will be asked for household members aged 15 years old and over. Choose among the following categories the major instrument used by members of the household for the agriculture activity. If the members of the household both operate the agricultural activity using ‘1’ for Agricultural land/parcel, and ‘2’ Urban gardening/rooftop gardening, consider in choosing the Permanency, Time, Income, and Preference (PTIP).
If the respondent answered ‘1’ for Agricultural land/parcel, proceed to G02. If the respondent answered ‘2’ for Hydroponics, or ‘3’ for Urban gardening/rooftop gardening, proceed to G11.1.
Take note that if the respondent answered in Section F. Entrepreneurial and Household Sustenance Activities, items F02 rows D and/or E, and/or F03 rows A and/or B is ‘2’ for No, then the screen should automatically show G11.1 Engage in Agricultural Activity.
G02: Number of parcels operated
A farm parcel is one contiguous piece of land under one form of tenure without regard to land use. Both the contiguity and one form of tenure conditions should be met for a piece of land to be classified as one parcel.
Contiguous means that the piece of land is not separated by natural or man-made boundaries such as river, dike and road that are not part of the holding. A parcel may be surrounded by other lands, water, road, forest or other features that are not part of the holding or part of the holding under different land tenure. A parcel may consist of one or more fields or plots adjacent to each other.
A field is a piece of land in a parcel separated from the rest of the parcel by easily recognizable demarcation lines, such as paths, cadastral boundaries, fences, waterways or hedges. A field may consist of one or more plots, where a plot is a part or whole of a field on which a specific crop or crop mixture is cultivated, or which is fallow or waiting to be planted.
Source: 2022 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries Enumerator’s Manual
Parcels to be INCLUDED are those:
lands actually used in the operation whether the land is owned, leased, or rented (The one who rented is the one to report the parcel);
lands where rented/contracted trees are grown (the one to report the parcel is the owner and not the tree holding contractor);
Communal grazing lands used for livestock and poultry raising activities;
lands which are purposely allowed to stay idle for a period of at least one (1) year or at most five (5) years in order to recover its fertility; and
home lot of the operator, if used in connection with agricultural activity like vegetable gardening, whether the production is for home consumption or for sale.
Parcels to be EXCLUDED are those public lands such as roadside and forest land used in growing ornamental plants, culturing of mushrooms and other agricultural activities.
Refer to possible scenarios below in counting the number of parcels operated/managed by the household:
SCENARIO 1
Mr. Enrique inherited an 8,000 square meters land from his father near the riverside. He cultivated the land and planted it with lettuce and cabbage for sale. In addition to this, he bought another 3,000 square meters of land across the river and planted it with cabbages. How many parcels are being operated by Mr. Enrique?
Parcels are counted separately when they are bounded by natural boundaries such as river, lakes, or mountain ranges. In this case, since the river is in between Mr. Enrique’s inherited land and recently bought land, the pieces of land should be counted separately. Thus, there are two (2) parcels being operated by Mr. Enrique.
SCENARIO 2
Barangay Coral na Bato is famous for the number of mango trees being cultivated in the area. In Purok 5, Ms. Bustos, Mr. Manahan, Mr. Co, and Ms. Flores are also cultivating mango trees for sale. Bustos’ Farm is a three-hectare land cultivated with mangoes and tomatoes as shown in the given illustration. How many parcels are being operated by Ms. Bustos?
Parcels are counted separately when bounded by man-made boundaries. However, fences, box plots, hedges, or any architecture that are part of the farm are considered as part of the parcel. In the case of Bustos’ Farm, a road is present between the mango farm while the tomatoes were caged in a fence. Thus, there are two (2) parcels.
On the other hand, there are no present boundaries between Manahan's Farm, Co’s Farm, and Flores’ Farm. The contiguous pieces of land are cultivated with mangoes. How many parcels were operated by each of them?
Even if the pieces of land are contiguous, a parcel must only have one tenure status for it to be counted as one. Unless contiguity and tenure criteria are both satisfied, the pieces of land will not be counted as one parcel. Therefore, Mr. Manahan, Mr. Co and Ms. Flores are operating only one (1) parcel each.
Households who are operators of growing of crops and/or livestock and poultry operator were identified when ‘1’ for Yes was answered to either row ‘A’ for crop farming and gardening, or row ‘B’ for livestock and poultry raising in F03; and uses ‘1’ for Agricultural land/parcel should answer G02.
Items on G02 to G10 ask questions about the agricultural land and ownership of the household.
Ask the respondent, “How many parcels were being operated/managed by the household (either alone or jointly with someone else) in the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 – February 28, 2023)?”. Enter the number of parcels in the space provided based on the answer of the respondent. Probe my mentioning that the contiguity, and under one form of tenure should be satisfied for a piece of land to be counted as one (1) parcel.
Source: 2022 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries Enumerator’s Manual
Probing should be done by the enumerator on how many operators for one parcel. Then if multiple operators, please record in NOTES/REMARKS the names of other operators from other household members.
Probing should be done by the enumerator on how many operators. If there are multiple operators within a household for a certain parcel, then the household should decide who to report as operator.
G03: Location of the parcel
On the number of parcels identified in G02, each will be asked of the location. Ask the respondent, “Where is the (PARCEL) located?”.
The choices on the location of the parcel are as follows:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Within the barangay |
| 2 | Outside the barangay but within the city/municipality |
| 3 | Outside the barangay and city/municipality |
Select ‘1’ for Within the barangay if the parcel is located in the current barangay of residence of the household; ‘2’ for Outside the barangay but within the city/municipality if the parcel is located outside the current barangay of residence but within the city/municipality of the household; or ‘3’ for Outside the barangay and city/municipality if the parcel is both outside the current barangay and city/municipality of residence of the household.
Note that determination of the location of the parcel is in reference to the residence of the household.
G03.1: Activities done in the parcel
This question serves as a filter question in determining the number of parcels dedicated for crop farming activities.
Ask the respondent, “Which activity/ies is/are done in the (PARCEL)?”. ‘1’ for Crop farming if the respondent uses the agricultural land/parcel for crop farming; ‘2’ Livestock and/or poultry raising if it is used for livestock and poultry; or ‘3’ Both crop farming and livestock and/or poultry raising if uses for both activities.
If the respondent answered ‘1’ for Crop farming and/or ‘3’ Both crop farming and livestock and/or poultry raising, proceed to ask G04 to G10. Otherwise, if the respondent answered “2-Livestock and/or poultry raising”, skip items G05 to G07; and ask G04, G08 to G10.
G04: Tenure status of the parcels
Tenure status refers to the right under which a holding/parcel is held or operated. A holding may be operated under a single for of tenure or under more than one form, in which case each form of tenure should be reported separately (Source: 2022 CAF Enumerator’s Manual).
Thus, the question on the tenurial status of the parcels operated/managed by the household member is not limited to one’s possession of a legal/formal document showing proof that he/she owns the land.
Ask the respondent,“What is the tenure status of the (PARCEL) that the household operates?”.
The following are the possible options for the respondent:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Fully owned - A land is operated with a title of ownership in the name of the holder and consequently, the right to determine the nature and extent of the use of the land. Included in this category are lands whose absolute ownership is vested in the holder through sale, and inheritance. A parcel, which is a part of the holding, is also considered fully owned if the holder has an absolute deed to the sale of the land. Likewise, lands of the tillers with Emancipation Patent are considered fully owned. Emancipation Patent is the title of the land issued to a tenant upon paying completely his/her amortization of the land he/she tilled and upon compliance with all other government requirements. It represents the full emancipation of the tiller from the bondage of the tenancy, hence, vested the absolute ownership of such land. |
| 2 | Owner-like possession – A land is under conditions that enable a person to operate it as if he/she is the owner although he/she does not possess a title of ownership. A land held under owner-like possession includes those that are held under heirship which the title of ownership has not been transferred to the heirs. Also included in this category are inherited lands without title of ownership and those held under tax declaration. Further, this category also includes areas without legal title of ownership which is operated uncontestedly and uninterruptedly by the holder for a period of 30 years or more, even without the permission of the owner, and lands being purchased on installment basis or under long-term contract. |
| 3 | Tenanted - A land is cultivated by a person, belonging to, or possessed by another, with the latter’s consent for purposes of production, sharing the produce with the landholder under the share tenancy system, or paying to the landholder a certain amount or ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under a leasehold tenancy system. |
| 4 | Leased/Rented - A land is cultivated by a lessee, which belongs to or is legally possessed by another, the lessor. The rental payment is in the form of a fixed amount of either money, produce or both. |
| 5 | Rent-free - the land is operated without title of ownership and without paying rent but with the consent or permission of the landowner. |
| 6 | Owned under Certificate of Land Transfer (CLT) or Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) - the land is still being paid by the holder under the government land reform program of Operation Land Transfer (OLT). OLT is a systematic transfer of ownership of tenanted rice and corn lands from the landowners to the tenant-tillers while CLOA are titles issued to farmers for their farm lot as covered by Republic Act 6657 otherwise known as Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. It must be noted that this category covers only those that are currently paying their amortization. |
| 7 | Held under Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title/Certificate of Ancestral Land Title (CADT/CALT) - the land is possessed by the Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous People (ICCs/IPs) in accordance with Republic Act 8371 of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997. CADT refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with RA 8371. CALT, on the other hand, is a title formally recognizing the rights of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral lands. |
| 8 | Held under Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA)/Stewardship) - the forest land is cultivated by a person under the CBFMA or the Stewardship Agreement. CBFMA is a production sharing agreement between the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the participating people’s organization for a period of 25 years renewable for another 25 years and shall provide tenurial security and incentives to develop, utilize and manage specific portions of forest lands. The Certificate of Stewardship Contract, on the other hand, is a contract issued to individual occupants in the Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) areas before the implementation of the CBFM program in 1996 pursuant to Letter of Instruction 1260 for a period of 25 years renewable for another 25 years. |
| 98 | Don’t Know |
| 99 | Others, specify lands held as mortgage and all other lands not falling under forms not categories 1 to 9 above including lands occupied without consent of owner for less than 30 years and forest land occupied by a person without any agreement with the DENR. Also included in this category is a land used by a person, wherein such land is mortgaged to him/her. If the land tilled by a person is his/her own but already mortgaged to another person, the tenure status of the land will also fall under this category. |
If the respondent does not know the answer, choose ‘98’ for Don’t know. If ‘99’ for Others, specify is selected, enter the details in the space provided.
Only one (1) type of tenure status for each parcel is accepted.
G05: Parcel irrigation
Irrigation refers to purposely providing land with water, other than rain, for improving pastures or crop production. Irrigation usually implies the existence of infrastructure and/or equipment for applying water to crops, such as irrigation canals, pumps, sprinklers, or localized watering systems. It may also include manual watering of plants using buckets, watering cans or other devices. Uncontrolled land flooding by overflowing of rivers or streams is not considered irrigation.
For each parcel, ask the respondent, “Was the (PARCEL) irrigated as of March 01, 2023?”.
If the parcel is irrigated as of March 01, 2023, select ‘1’ for Yes, and proceed to G06. If the parcel is not irrigated, select ‘2’ for No, then proceed to G07. Otherwise, select ‘8’ for Don’t know if the respondent does not know if the parcel has irrigation, then proceed to G08.
G06: Status of irrigation
For each irrigated parcel, ask the respondent, “What is the status of irrigation of the parcel?”. Select either of the two (2) choices below as provided by the respondent.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Fully irrigated |
| 2 | Partially irrigated |
Regardless of the answer of the respondent to this item, proceed to G08.
G07: Rainfed upland / Rainfed lowland
For each parcel that is not irrigated, ask the respondent, “Is the farm (PARCEL) operated by the household rainfed upland or rainfed lowland?”. Select either of the two (2) choices below as provided by the respondent.
Rainfed areas rely mostly on rainfall for water. There are two types of rainfed areas:
| Code | Description | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rainfed upland | Rainfed upland is defined as an area in a flat land or on slopes of hills and mountains whose only source of water is from rainfall. (Source: FAO) |
| 2 | Rainfed lowland | Rainfed lowland is also an area which rely on rainfall. (Source: FAO) |
Regardless of the answer of the respondent to this item, proceed to G08.
G08: Physical area of the parcel
Physical area of the parcel refers to the size or actual measurement of the parcel.
Ask the respondent, “What is the physical area of the (PARCEL)?” referring to each parcel operated by the household member. Enter the response in hectares on the space provided.
The answer should be written in six (6) figures consisting of two (2) whole numbers and four (4) fractional parts (numbers after the decimal point). For example, if the area of the parcel is 4 hectares, write 04.0000.
If the area given by the respondent is in another unit, it should also be converted into hectares and be written in five (5) figures. For example, if the area given by the respondent is in square meters, convert this to hectares by dividing it by 10,000 or move the decimal point four places to the left. For example, 120 square meters is equal to 00.0120 hectare. For a physical area less than 10 square meters or 00.0010 hectare, enter 00.0010 on the space provided. Do not round off. Enter the exact size as provided by the respondent.
Take note of the following sources of information or estimation technique to obtain an accurate estimate of the area of each parcel especially if the operator does not know or finds difficulty in giving you the exact area of the parcel or parcels of land operated by him/her.
Land title or tax declaration will show the exact area of the parcel. If the agricultural operator is the owner, these documents may be available.
Compute the area based on estimated information on the length and width of the parcel if rectangular in shape. The formula for computing the area for a rectangular shaped parcel where dimensions are in meters: Area = Length x Width
Example:
Length = 250 meters; width = 30 meters
Area = 250m x 30m = 7,500 sq.m.
Converting the area in sq. meters to hectares:
Area = 7,500 sq.m. x 1 ha. / 10,000 sq.m. = 0.7500 ha.
Pace Factor (See Appendix 8 for the instructions on how to estimate physical area using the pace factor.)
Source: 2022 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries Enumerator’s Manual
that some parcels may be included in the agriculture land area but are not regularly cultivated. Cultivation depends on availability of inputs as well as the type of irrigation.NOTE
G09: Parcel co-managed by household members
For each parcel identified in G02, ask the respondent, “Who among the household members is engaged as operator of the agricultural land/parcel?”.
Select only among the household members listed in A01 who are engaged as operator/s of the agricultural land/parcel provided. Meanwhile, In PAPI, write in the corresponding line number of the household member/s.
• Please put NOTES/REMARKS when few/some household members cooperate to manage the parcel. Indicate the total number of parcels being operated by the household. Then, identify the line numbers of household members co-operating to manage each parcel.
G10: Total physical area of all the parcels
Ask the respondent, “What is the total physical area of all the parcels of land operated by the household?”.
Enter the value in hectares as instructed in G08.
• Repeat questions G03 to G09 for all parcels provided in G02.
G11.1 and G11.2: Engaged in agricultural activity
This question will determine if there are household members 10 years old and over who are engaged in any agricultural activities in the past 12 months.
For G11.1, ask the respondent, “In the past 12 months (March 01, 2023 - February 28, 2023), was there any member of this household engaged in any of the agricultural and fishery activities such as growing of crops, livestock and/or poultry raising, aquaculture, fish capture and/or other agricultural and fishery activities?”.
Select between ‘1’ for Yes if there is any member of the household who is engaged in any agriculture and fishery activity; or ‘2’ for No if there is no member of the household who is not engaged in any agriculture and fishery activity. Then proceed to Section H. Family Income.
If the answer in G11.1 is ‘1’ for Yes, ask the respondent, “Who among the household members is/are engaged in any of the agricultural and fishery activities such as growing of crops, livestock and/or poultry raising, aquaculture, fish capture and/or other agricultural and fishery activities?”.
The list of names of household members (indicated in A01) will be displayed as possible choices for this question. Select the name of the household members who are engaged in agricultural and fishery activities based on the answer of the respondent. Meanwhile, In PAPI, write in the corresponding line number of the household member/s.
G12: Agricultural and fishery activities
Prior to moving to this question, you have determined that at least one member of the household aged 10 years old and over is engaged in any agricultural activity.
Ask the respondent, “In what agricultural and fishery activity/ies is (NAME) engaged in?”. Select either ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No beside each of the following agricultural and related activities:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| A | Growing of crops |
| B | Livestock and/or poultry raising |
| C | Aquaculture |
| D | Fish capture |
| E | Gleaning (gathering of shells) |
| F | Renting of agricultural machineries, fishing boats/vessels (including the machine/boat operator) |
| Z | Others, specify _____ |
If the agricultural and fishery activity mentioned by the respondent is not covered in categories ‘A’ to ‘F’, enter on the space provided the other agricultural and fishery activity/ies of the household member. Examples of other agricultural and fishery activities were listed above.
If the respondent is engaged in ‘F’ for Renting of agricultural machineries, fishing boats/vessels (including the machine/boat operator) and/or ‘Z’ for Others, specify, proceed to Section H.
For cases where a member is both engaged in Growing of crops (G12 A = 1) and Livestock and/or poultry raising (G12 B = 1) but is an operator in only one of these agricultural activities, select code 1 (Operator in own household farm) in G13 and reflect in G14 all the activities done by the household member. Then, follow the instructions below.
Example: Household member A is a livestock and/or poultry raising operator and a hired manager of another household farm, or establishment/enterprise/institution agricultural holding for growing of crops
G13: Type of engagement in growing of crops, and/or livestock and/or poultry raising
This question serves as a follow-up question to G12 if the response is ‘1’ Yes in G12 A - Growing of crops, and/or in G12 B - Livestock and/or poultry raising.
Ask the respondent, “What is the type of (NAME)’s engagement in the growing of crops, and/or livestock and/or poultry raising?”.
Enter the appropriate code of the type of engagement in growing of crops, and/or livestock and/or poultry raising where the household member is engaged in. Below are the following types of engagement in growing of crops, and/or livestock and/or poultry raising:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Operator in own household farm |
| 2 | Unpaid household members working in own household farm |
| 3 | Farm laborer/worker (paid) in own household farm |
| 4 | Hired manager of another household farm or establishment/ enterprise/institution agricultural holding |
| 5 | Farm laborer/worker in another household farm or establishment/ enterprise/institution agricultural holding |
Be reminded that there can only be one (1) answer to this question. In a situation when the respondent mentions that he/she has multiple engagements in the agricultural activity, choose the engagement which best describes the work he/she does.
The descriptions on the type of engagements provided in the first portion of this section can be referred to further help in choosing the right category which fits the description of the respondent.
G14: Production activities in growing of crops and/or livestock/poultry
This question asks household member/s engaged in growing of crops and/or livestock and poultry on the specific production activities.
Ask the respondent, “Which production activity/ies does (NAME) engage in growing of crops, and/or livestock and/or poultry raising?”.
There are predetermined production activities that you will read aloud to the respondent. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No based on the answer of the respondent. If there are other production activities, select ‘1’ for Yes in Z - Others, specify. Enter in the line provided the other production activity mentioned by the respondent.
If the answer in G13 is ‘1’ for Operator in own household farm, the code in G14 A-Manage day-to-day farm operation should automatically be ‘1’ for Yes as it defines an activity of an operator. And could select among the remaining production activities.
Similarly, if the answer in G13 is ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, or ‘5’, the code in G14 A-Manage day-to-day farm operation should be ‘2’ for No as the respondent is not an operator. He/she should only choose among code ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘F’, or ‘Z’ as the production activity/ies.
Below are the following production activities to be mentioned to the respondent:
| Code | Categories | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| A | Manage day-to-day farm operation | |
| B | Land preparation | A preparation of field before planting which involves plowing and mixing of the soil; harrowing to break the soil; and leveling the field (Source: knowledgebank.irri.org). |
| C | Planting/transplanting | An activity done after land preparation. The crop is then planted wherein the seeds are directly buried into the soil or transplanted. Transplanting is practiced as a method of weed control. It is also done by means of doing tissue culture in a laboratory and placing it into a nursery (Source: knowledgebank.irri.org). |
| D | Cultivation | An act of doing various activities for the growth of the crops which includes water management, fertilizer application, weeds and pest and diseases management (Source: knowledgebank.irri.org). |
| E | Harvesting/threshing | A process of collecting mature crops from the field (knowledgebank.irri.org). |
| F | Feeding livestock and/or poultry | |
| Z | Others, specify _____ | Take in mind that those who entered ‘1’ for Yes in G12 in A Growing of Crops, and/or B Livestock and/or Poultry Raising, and ‘1’ for Yes in G13 can only have ‘1’ Yes for G13 A Manage day-to-day farm operation. However, those with ‘2’ to ‘5’ in G13 can only have ‘1’ Yes for ‘B’ to ‘F’ in G14. |
G15: Type of engagement in aquaculture, and/or fish capture, and/or gleaning
This question serves as a follow-up question to G12 if the response is ‘1’ for Yes in G12 C – Aquaculture, and/or D - Fish capture, and/or E - Gleaning.
Ask the respondent, “What is the type of (NAME)’s engagement in the fisheries activity?”.
Enter the appropriate code of the type of engagement in fishery activities where the household member is engaged in. Below are the following types of engagement in fishery activity:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Operator in own household fishery activity |
| 2 | Hired manager in another household fishery activity or establishment/ enterprise/institution fishery business |
| 3 | Laborer/worker (paid) in own household fishery activity |
| 4 | Unpaid household member working in own household fishery activity |
| 5 | Laborer/worker in another household fishery activity or establishment/ enterprise/institution fishery business |
Be reminded that there can only be one answer to this question. In a situation when the respondent mentions that he/she has multiple engagements in the agricultural activity, choose the engagement which best describes the work he/she does.
The descriptions on the type of engagements provided in the first portion of this section can be referred to further help in choosing the right category which fits the description of the respondent.
G16: Production activity/ies in aquaculture, fish capture, and/or gleaning
This question asks household member/s engaged in fisheries activities on specific production activities.
Ask the respondent, “Which production activity/ies in does (NAME) engage in aquaculture and/or fish capture and/or gleaning?”.
There are predetermined production activities that you will read aloud to the respondent. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No based on the answer of the respondent. If there are other production activities, select ‘1’ for Yes in Z - Others, specify. Enter in the line provided the other production activity mentioned by the respondent.
If the answer in G15 is 1-Operator in own household fishery activity, the code in G16 A-Manage day-to-day aquaculture/fishing should automatically be ‘1’ for Yes as it defines an activity of an operator and could select among the remaining production activities.
Similarly, if the answer in G15 is ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, or ‘5’, the code in G16 A-Manage day-to-day aquaculture/fishing should be ‘2’ for No as the respondent is not an operator. He/she should only choose among code ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’, or ‘Z’ as the production activity/ies.
Below are the following production activities with the corresponding definition to be mentioned to the respondent:
| Code | Categories | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| A | Manage day-to-day aquaculture/fish capture | |
| B | Pond preparation/pen or cage construction | Aquaculture activity: In pond, total draining of pond; In pens, construction of net enclosures supported by frameworks. Fish pens - fixed structures Fish cages - fixes/floating (Source: Aquaculture Methods and Practices, FAO) |
| C | Stocking | Aquaculture activity: Stocking refers to filling of pond with appropriate density of fingerlings/species depending on culture strategy, pond size, and fingerling size (Source: Aquaculture Methods and Practices, FAO) |
| D | Feeding | Aquaculture activity: Giving of supplementary/artificial feeds to stocks (Source: Aquaculture Methods and Practices, FAO) |
| E | Water management | Aquaculture activity: Keeping water and salinity at recommended levels for optimal growth of cultured species. |
| F | Pond maintenance | Aquaculture activity: Pond maintenance include the following sub-activities: i) Fertilization ii) Liming iii) Elimination of pests and predators iv) Stock monitoring v) Regular upkeep and maintenance of facilities (Source: Aquaculture Methods and Practices, FAO) |
| G | Harvesting | Aquaculture activity: Harvesting procedures vary with the culture method/technique used. In pens, harvesting nets (e.g., gill nets, cast nets, seines) or lifting the cage and causing the fish to collect in one corner for scooping out using a pail. In pond, draining of water. (Source: Aquaculture Methods and Practices, FAO) |
| H | Municipal fishing | A fishing operation without a boat, or using rafts or boats of three gross tons or less (Source: 2022 CAF Enumerator’s Manual). |
| I | Gleaning/gathering of shells | Gleaning is a fishing method of gathering and collecting of shellfish commonly practiced along shallow coastal areas (Source: RSBSA Enrollment Form). |
| J | Commercial fishing | A fishing operation using boats of more than three gross tons (Source: 2022 CAF Enumerator’s Manual). |
| Z | Others, specify _____ |
Aquaculture production activities (B - Pond preparation, C - Stocking, D - Feeding, E - Water management, F - Pond maintenance, G – Harvesting), and type of aquafarming activity (H - Gleaning/gathering of shells), must only be ticked ‘1’ for Yes if in G12 C - Aquaculture is ‘1’ for Yes and answer in G15 is any of the following categories 1-5.
G17 and G18: Membership to agricultural organization
These questions are intended to determine community engagement among agricultural operators, laborers, and workers. Agricultural programs of the government are also intended to be directed to agricultural organizations. Hence, mandated agencies will use this information to estimate prospective numbers of beneficiaries per organization and propose evidence-based budgets to intensify programs supporting various sectors in agriculture.
Regardless of the type of agricultural and fishery activity and type of engagement in agriculture and fishery of the household members, ask item G17 to the respondent, “Is (NAME) a member of any agricultural organization as of March 01, 2023?”. If the answer is ‘2’ for No, proceed to G19.
For CAPI, if the answer is ‘1’ for Yes in G17, ask the respondent, “How many organization/s is/are (NAME) a member of?”. Enter the number of organizations based on the answer of the respondent.
Then, the question in G18, “What is/are the name/s of the organization/s that (NAME) is a member of?”.
Select from the list of the organizations of provided in the CBMS EN App. If the name of the organization is not in the list, select ‘9999’ for Other agricultural and fishery organization. Then, enter the complete name of the agricultural organization based on the answer of the respondent.
If the respondent cannot recall, make sure to get at least the initials or abbreviation of the association/organization name, and try to confirm this information with the responses collected from other households in the area. If the particular household member is present in the household at the time of interview, you may ask him/her directly on this topic. List all organizational memberships in which he or she is an active/registered member.
Take note of the agricultural organizations below which should only be included. Agricultural And fishery organizations are as follows but are not limited to:
- Farmers and fisher groups, cooperatives, associations,
- Agrarian Reform Organizations (ARBOs),
- People’s Organization (POs),
- Irrigators Associations (IAs),
- Rural Based Organizations (RBOs)
- Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (i.e., agri-processors, consolidators, exporters, etc.
- Multipurpose cooperative
Source: RA 11321 or “The SAGIP SAKA Act” IRR
For the purpose of CBMS data collection, all multipurpose cooperatives that will be included in the list of agricultural organizations if the said cooperative that focuses ONLY in helping the agricultural activities of the members such as credit lending and production, production and provision of goods and services, etc. (Source: FAO)
When code 9999 (Others) is selected on items G18 and G20, ‘9999 – Others…’ is reflected in the ‘Specify ‘field. Delete this and input the correct crop/equipment.
G19: Type of system of hydroponics
This question is to be asked to the respondent who answered in G01 is ‘2’ for Hydroponics.
Hydroponics is any system for growing of plants without the use of soil. Instead, nutrients are added to water that plants are immersed in, or regularly washes over the roots of the plants (Source: Department of Agriculture).
Ask the respondent, “What type of hydroponics system did you or your household member use?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No among the type of system of hydroponics. If the household member uses a type of system of hydroponics aside from the predetermined list, select ‘1’ for Yes in Z - Others, specify. Then, enter the other type of system of hydroponics.
| Code | Description | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| A | Wick systems | The wick system is the simplest of all types of hydroponic systems. The wick is the connecting part between the potted plant and food solution in the existing reservoir. In wick system, the plants are cultivated in substrate (Source: Soilless Agriculture a New and Advanced Method for Agriculture Development: An Introduction). This allows water to be drawn to the plant roots (Source: Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources). Image source: Plantshaven.com, 2022 |
| B | Deep Water Culture (DWC) | Well-rooted plants are placed in net pots on a floating plate in the nutrient reservoir. To stabilize the plant, the net pot may be filled with substrate such as clay balls or foam. The roots hang directly in the nutrient solution, which is oxygenated by means of an air pump and aeration stones. The system is simple and safe (Source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021) Image source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021 |
| C | Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) | A very shallow stream of nutrient solution is recirculated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight gully, also known as channels, with the help of a pump. The channels have holes on top in which net cups holding the plants are inserted. The roots are not completely submerged in the channels (Source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021). Image source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021 |
| D | Ebb and Flow (Flood and Drain) | A reservoir containing nutrient solution is located below a growing tray. The growing bed is periodically flooded by a small pump on a timer to feed and water the plants (Source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021). Image source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021 |
| E | Aeroponics | A system where the roots are continuously or discontinuously in an environment saturated with fine drops (a mist or aerosol) of nutrients solution within a chamber. The plants are anchored into Styrofoam panels. A pump pushes oxygen rich nutrient solution through misters or foggers, keeping the roots wet. This is excellent for growing low leafy vegetables as well as potato (Source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021). Image source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021 |
| F | Drip Systems | Plants are planted in bed, bag or pot substrate systems and the nutrient solution is distributed through individual drippers or emitters directly to the root zone. This technique allows the operator to control the amount of water applied. This is suitable for growing larger plants such as bitter gourd, tomato, eggplant, tobacco, pepper, etc. (Source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021). Image source: Hydroponics Farming Technology – A Skilling Program Training Manual, 2021 |
| Z | Others, specify _____ |
G20: Permanent and temporary crops
Take note that G20 is to be asked by referring to household members who are OPERATORS involved in GROWING OF CROPS. These growing of crops operators were identified in G12 where his/her agricultural activity is ‘1’ for A - Growing of crops, and answer in G13 is ‘1’ for Operator in own household farm.
A crop is a plant or plant product that is grown and harvested for profit or sustenance (Source: National Geographic Society).
Permanent crops are crops with more than one year growing cycle. Usually, these types of crops do not have to be replanted for several years. Examples of these crops are mango, banana, jackfruit, coconut, coffee, abaca, and piña for fiber purposes.
Temporary crops are crops with less than one year of growing cycle. These types of crops are usually newly sown or planted for further production after harvest. Examples are rice, corn, root crops such as potato and cassava, and vegetables such as squash, string beans, cabbage, and mushroom. Crops which are grown for more than a year but must be replaced after harvesting (e.g., sugarcane, strawberries) are also classified as temporary crops.
In CAPI, select the growing of crops operator in the list of household members. Meanwhile, in PAPI, write in the line number of the household member/s who is/are growing of crops operator/s.
Ask the respondent, “In the past (12) months (March 01, 2022 - February 28, 2023), what were the permanent and temporary crops cultivated by (NAME)?”. Record all the crops planted by the household member with their corresponding codes. If there are crops planted by the household member but are not in the list, select ‘9999’ for Other crops. Enter in the space provided the other crops planted by the corresponding household member.
In CAPI, if there are crops planted by the household member but are not in the list, select ‘9999’ for Other crops. Enter in the space provided the other crops planted by the corresponding household member.
If PAPI, write in the name of the permanent and temporary crops planted by the household then access the CBMS Resources under Codebook and Showcards to determine their corresponding codes. Use code ‘9999’ for Other crops in the box provided then provide the other crops planted by the household member.
There is a prepared showcard that can be used to help you and the respondent in identifying the permanent and temporary crops with their corresponding codes. You may show it to the respondent to help in the identification.
On item G20 (Permanent and temporary crops), identify first the household member who is a growing of crops operator. Then, select a permanent/temporary crop that he/she cultivated during the reference period. If there are other crops that the same household member had cultivated, select again the household member, and identify the other crop. Repeat the procedure until all the crops are recorded. If there are other growing of crops operators in the household, answer ‘Yes’ in the question ‘Is there another household member who is a crop operator?’ then repeat the procedure.
G21: Draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools used for crop farming
Farm equipment and machinery, including implements, are used in farming to decrease the amount of time to work for individuals. It also increases efficiency and accuracy as it reduces human error. As such, there are different farm equipment and machineries which farmers, and workers and laborers use for their day-to-day farm activities.
Data gathered for this item may serve as reference or guide for national and local agricultural offices to assess whether farmers were equipped with tools and equipment that may possibly aid in higher yields or harvest.
In CAPI, ask the respondent, “How many were the draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household in crop farming?”. Enter the number of draft animals, equipment, facilities, and other tools as provided by the respondent.
For item G21, ask the respondent, “What were the draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household in crop farming?”.
Select all the draft animals and/or agricultural equipment and/or facilities, and/or other tools used by the household members. If the animals/equipment/facility/tool is not in the list, select ‘9999’ for Other draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, other tools. Then, enter in the line provided the other animals/equipment/ facilities/tools mentioned by the respondent.
In PAPI, write in the name of the agricultural machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household then access the CBMS Resources under Codebook and Showcards to determine their corresponding codes. Use code ‘9999’ for Other draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools in the box provided. then, specify the other draft animals and/or agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools.
Farm equipment and machinery, including implements, are used in farming to decrease the amount of time to work for individuals. It also increases efficiency and accuracy as it reduces human error. As such, there are different farm equipment and machineries which farmers, and workers and laborers use for their day-to-day farm activities.
Data gathered for this item may serve as reference or guide for national and local agricultural offices to assess whether farmers were equipped with tools and equipment that may possibly aid in higher yields or harvest.
There is a prepared showcard that can be used to help you and the respondent in identifying the animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools with their corresponding codes. You may show it to the respondent to help in the identification. Refer below for some images and descriptions of the animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools.
| Code | Farm Equipment and Machineries | Description | Illustrations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0101 | Carabao | An animal used to help in farming activities such as | Source: merriam-webster.com |
| 0103 | Horse | An animal used in hauling of produce from farm to packinghouse or market | |
| 0201 | Plow | An implement used to cut, lift, and turn over soil especially in preparing a seedbed Source: merriam-webster.com | |
| 0301 | Hand tractor | Similar to the uses of a farm tractor but different in terms of controlled through handlebars by a walking operator Source: merriam-webster.com | Source: Alibaba.com |
| 0403 | Thresher | A farm machine separating wheat, peas, soybeans, and other grains and seed crop from their straw Source: britannica.com | Source: agromachinery.com |
| 0602 | Irrigation pump | An equipment used in the farm for moving of water from the source Source: futurepump.com | Source: pixabay.com |
| 0206 | Knapsack Sprayer | A spraying apparatus consisting of a knapsack tank together with pressurizing device, line, and sprayer nozzle, used chiefly in fire control and in spraying fungicides or insecticides Source: merriam-webster.com | Source: gfsprayer.com |
| 0303 | Four-wheel tractor | A farm machinery used for pulling farm implements or other machinery Source: thefreedictionary.com | Source: adamco.com |
| 9999 | Depulper | A machine used in removing the pulp Source: definition.org | Source: Alibaba.com |
| 0608 | Rice/corn/feed mill | An equipment used in removing the husk of rice, and grinding it to turn into flour source: merriam-webster.com | Source: knowledgebank.irri.org |
| 0210 | Tiller | A farm machinery use used to turn over soils for planting of crops. Usually used at the start of plant preparation Source: yourdictionary.com | Source: yanmar.com |
| 9999 | Chipper | A farm machinery which is used to continuously mulch materials such as trees, limbs, branches, and saplings Source: bobcat.com | Source: agriculture.com.ph |
| 9999 | Roaster | A machine used in roasting especially coffee beans source: dictionary.com | Source: coffee-roaster-machine.com |
G22: Owned, rented, and rent-free growing of crops equipment
The draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and tools that are used by the household for their crop farming activities and are listed in G21 will be referred to in this item.
This question in G22 asks about the number of draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and tools that are owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for their crop farming activities.
Ask the respondent, “How many of these draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools were owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for crop farming?”.
Enter the number under each of the categories. Make sure that there are answers to all the listed draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools. Compute the total number of draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and tools. Then, verify with the respondent the totals of each draft animals, agricultural equipment, facilities, and other tools.
There should be at least one (1) answer in each of the categories as an error will prompt if all categories (owned, rented, and rent-free) have zero (0) answers.
G23: Engagement in crop farming in the last three (3) years
Ask the respondent, “In the past three (3) years (March 2020 - February 2023), has your household continuously been operating a crop farm in your current city/municipality of residence?”.
Continuously operating in growing of crops means that the household has performed operations or undertaken work in the said activity for all possible seasons or cycles of production during the reference period.
What do we mean by “continuously”?
Continuous engagement in livestock and poultry raising shall consider the cropping cycle.
For instance, those livestock and poultry raising activities that were halted for a few weeks to six months due to animal diseases, typhoons, flood, extreme hot weather, high cost of inputs, decrease in land holding, etc. should still have a 1-Yes answer in G30.
Select ‘1’ for Yes if the household is engaged in crop farming activity in the last three (3) years from the reference period within the current city/municipality of their current residence. Otherwise, select ‘2’ for No if the household did not engage in crop farming activity for at least three (3) years within the current city/municipality for less than three (3) years in the current city/municipality. If ‘2’ for No is selected, proceed to G27.
G24: Change in crop harvest
Harvest refers to the operation of gathering the useful part or parts of the plant. Harvesting can be done by hand, with simple farming implements, or by mechanized systems (Source: FAO).
Ask the respondent, “Compared with three (3) years (2020), did your household’s latest harvest decrease, increase, or remain the same?”.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Decrease The quantity of harvest in 2023 is less than the quantity of harvest in 2020. | |
| 2 | Increase The quantity of harvest in 2023 is greater than the quantity of harvest in 2020. | GO TO G27 |
| 3 | Remain the same The quantity of harvest in 2023 is (more or less) the same level compared to the quantity of harvest in 2020. |
Mention to the respondent that the total harvested crop/s in 2020 will be used as reference in the change in crop harvest. Make sure that the mentioned crop/s in 2020 is/are the same season as in 2023.
Emphasize that for 2023 CBMS we are interested in the productivity of identified parcels; hence, we are considering the per hectare yield in the comparison of parcel productivity in 2019 and 2023. This pertains to the harvest on the same cropping season in 2020 of the latest harvest in 2023 (e.g., harvest from Jan-Mar 2020 and Jan-Mar 2023).
Add NOTES/REMARKS on the crops being talked about in G24 that were noted to have a general decrease or increase in yield per hectare.
G25: Primary reason for the decrease in total harvest
Ask the respondent, “What is the primary reason for the decrease in total harvest?”.
Let the respondent think about the primary reason then select among the list of predetermined possible reasons for the decrease as follows.
Choose the reason that best describes the answer of the respondent.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Affected by drought | |
| 02 | Affected by typhoon | |
| 03 | Affected by flood | |
| 04 | Affected by pests | |
| 05 | Decrease in the supply of water from irrigation system | |
| 06 | Plant/crop diseases | |
| 07 | Increase in the cost of farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, etc. | GO TO G27 |
| 08 | Decrease in land area | |
| 09 | Change in the primary occupation of member | |
| 99 | Others, specify _____ |
If the answer is not in the list (i.e., categories ‘01’ to ‘09’), choose ‘99’ for Others, specify. Then, enter in the space provided the other reason mentioned by the respondent.
If the respondent answers ‘07’, ‘08’, ‘09’, or ‘99’, proceed to G27.
G26: Percentage decrease in the latest harvest
This question is asked if the answer selected in G25 is due to climate-related events/pest/diseases/disasters, or any one of the categories ‘01’ to ‘06’.
Ask the respondent, “What is the percentage decrease in the latest harvest due to (reason for decrease in harvest) compared to your household’s harvest three (3) years ago?”.
Mention the identified reason for decrease in harvest as provided by the respondent as answer to G25. Enter the estimated percentage decrease in the line provided based on the answer of the respondent.
Measuring losses will be done through estimation by the respondent or the concerned household member engaged in crop farming activity. The approach in estimating losses will be done by asking the respondent/directly for an estimate of the weight loss due to the identified reason for the decrease in harvest. This approach assumes that the respondent or the household member concerned has a good knowledge of the overall quantitative losses in crop farming operations.
G27: Livestock and/or poultry raised and tended
Take note that G27 is to be asked by referring to household members who are OPERATORS involved in LIVESTOCK AND/OR POULTRY RAISING activity. These livestock and poultry farm operators were identified in G12 where his/her agricultural activity is ‘1’ for B – Livestock and/or poultry raising, and answer in G13 is ‘1’ for Operator in own household farm.
In CAPI, select the livestock and/or poultry operator in the list of household members. Meanwhile, in PAPI, write in the line number of the household member/s who is/are livestock and/or poultry operator/s.
Ask the respondent, “In the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 - February 28, 2023), what were the kinds of livestock and/or poultry raised and tended by (NAME)?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No referring to each type of livestock/poultry.
If there are other livestock and/or poultry being raised and tended, select ‘1’ for Yes on Z - Others, specify. Then, enter in the space provided the other livestock and/or poultry raised and tended by the particular household member.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| A | Carabao |
| B | Cattle |
| C | Goat |
| D | Swine |
| E | Chicken |
| F | Duck |
| G | Horses |
| H | Sheep |
| I | Rabbit |
| J | Dog for sale |
| Z | Others, specify _____ |
G28: Machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used for raising/tending livestock and/or poultry
In CAPI, ask the respondent, “How many were machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household in raising/tending livestock and/or poultry?”. Enter the number of machineries, equipment, and facilities and other tools as provided by the respondent. Then, ask the respondent, “What were the machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household in raising/tending livestock and/or poultry?”.
Then, ask the respondent, “What were the machineries, equipment/facilities and other tools being used by the household in raising/tending livestock and/or poultry?”.
Select all the machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools mentioned being used by the household members. If the machinery, equipment, facility, and other tools are not in the list, select ‘9999’ for Other equipment. Then, enter in the line provided the other machinery, equipment, facility, and other tool mentioned by the respondent.
Meanwhile, in PAPI, write in the name of the livestock and/or poultry machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household then access the CBMS Resources under Codebook and Showcards to determine their corresponding codes. Use code ‘9999’ for Other equipment in the box provided then specify the machinery, equipment, facility, and other tools used by the respondent.
There is a prepared showcard that can be used to help you and the respondent in identifying the machinery, equipment, facility, and other tools with their corresponding codes. You may show it to the respondent to help in the identification.
G29: Owned, rented, and rent-free livestock and poultry machinery, equipment, facility, and other tools
The machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools that are used by the household for their livestock and poultry activity and are listed in G28 will be shortlisted here.
This question in G29 asks about the number of machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools that are owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for their livestock and poultry activity.
Ask the respondent, “How many of the following machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools were owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for livestock and/or poultry raising?”.
Enter the number under each of the categories, i.e., owned, rented, and used rent-free. Make sure that there are answers to all the listed machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools. Compute the total number of machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools. Then, verify with the respondent the totals.
G30: Engagement in livestock and poultry in the past three (3) years
Ask the respondent, “In the past three (3) years (March 2020 - February 2023), has your household continuously been operating in livestock and/or poultry raising activity in your current city/municipality of residence?”.
Continuously operating in livestock and/or poultry raising means that the household has performed operations or undertaken work in the said activity for all possible seasons or cycles of production during the reference period.
Select ‘1’ for Yes if the household is operated in livestock and/or poultry raising activity in the last three (3) years from the reference period within the city/municipality of their current residence.
Otherwise, select ‘2’ for No if the household did not operate in livestock and/or poultry raising activity for at least three (3) years within the city/municipality or is operating for less than three (3) years in the city/municipality. Then, proceed to G34.
G31: Change in volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced
Ask the respondent, “Compared with three (3) years ago (2020), did the volume of household’s livestock and/or poultry raised/produced decrease, increase, or remain the same?”.
Compare the volume/number of livestock and poultry raised/produced in 2023 and 2020, preferably of the same season. Select the code which best describes the quantity of the raised/produce of the household as mentioned by the respondent.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Decrease The volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced in 2023 is less than the volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced in 2020. | |
| 2 | Increase The volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced in 2023 is greater than the volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced in 2020. | GO TO G34 |
| 3 | Remain the same The volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced in 2023 is (more or less) the same level compared to the volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produce in 2020. |
Take into consideration the following on the change in the volume of production:
In meat production, this refers to the number of heads of livestock/poultry for slaughter or for sale i.e., weanlings. The number of heads tended/produced in the last season prior to the interview should be accounted for. This is to be compared to the number of heads tended/produced in the same season in the year 2020, to answer G31 as well as G33 for the computation of percentage decrease.
In livestock and poultry products such as milk and eggs, this refers to the units produced in the last batch of milk harvesting or egg collection done prior to the interview. This is to be compared to the units produced in the same period of time in year 2020 to answer G31 as well as G33 for the computation of percentage decrease. Units used for the computation (e.g., liters, trays) should be put in the data item's notes.
Select the code corresponding to the respondent’s answer. Enter in the space provided the code corresponding to the respondent’s answer. If the respondent answers ‘2’ for Increase, or ‘3’ for Remain the same, proceed to G34.
Ensure that the volume of livestock/poultry raised/produced in 2020 referred by the respondent is in the same season and comparable with that of 2023 i.e., production of meat and other livestock/poultry in Jan - March 2020 and Jan - March 2023.
G32: Primary reason for the decrease in volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/produced
A decrease was noticed in the volume of livestock and/or poultry as it was previously answered in G31. This question in G32 will determine the primary reason for the decrease.
Ask the respondent, “What was the primary reason for the decrease in volume of livestock and/or poultry raised/ produced?”.
Choose the reason which best describes the answer of the respondent.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stricken with diseases (swine flu, bird flu, foot and mouth disease) | |
| 2 | Affected by typhoon | |
| 3 | Affected by flood | |
| 4 | Affected by extreme hot weather condition | |
| 5 | Increase in cost of inputs (feeds, chicks, etc.) | GO TO G34 |
| 6 | Decrease in land holding | |
| 9 | Others, specify _____ |
As much as possible, let the respondent think about the primary reason. If the answer is not in the predetermined list (i.e., categories from ‘1’ to ‘6’), select ‘9’ for Others, specify. Then, enter in the space provided the other reason mentioned by the respondent. If the respondent answers among ‘5’, ‘6’ or ‘9’, proceed to G34.
G33: Percentage decrease in the latest livestock and/or poultry produced
Ask this question if the answer selected in G32 is due to climate-related events/pest/diseases/disasters, i.e., any of the categories from ‘1’ to ‘4’.
Ask the question, “What was the percentage decrease in the latest livestock and/or poultry produced due to (reason for decrease in volume) compared to your household’s volume of production three (3) years ago?”.
Mention the identified reason for decrease in livestock and/or poultry produced as answered by the respondent in G32. Enter the percentage decrease in the space provided based on the answer of the respondent.
You may also refer to G26 for the guidelines in estimating decrease in production due to extreme events/natural disasters.
G34: Number of aquafarms being operated by the household
Items from G34 to G46 are for aquaculture operators, as identified in G12 where his/her agricultural activity is ‘1’ for C – Aquaculture, and answer in G15 is ‘1’ for Operator in own household fishing activity.
Aquafarm refers to a farming facility used in the culture or propagation of aquatic species like fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants. It includes fishpond, fish pen, fish cage, fish tank, hatchery or “pangitlugan”, seaweed farm, oyster farm, mussel farm and other farms for culturing of pearl, cockles, and abalone.
Identify the number of aquafarm/s operated and co-operated by the household. Ask the respondent, “How many aquafarms were operated by the household in the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 - February 28, 2023)?”. Then, enter the number in the space provided.
Counting aquafarms in open bodies of water such as fish pens, fish cages, seaweed farms, mussel farms and oyster farms is based on aquafarm type, tenure, and location. Combinations of two or more types of aquafarms are considered different aquafarms, regardless of tenure and location. A set of one aquafarm with the same form of tenure and located in the same barangay is considered one aquafarm.
The illustration below can be used as reference.
The illustration shows an aquafarm type (fish cage) which is in an open body of water. All eight (8) fish cages are under one form of tenure (owned) and located in the same barangay, hence, this is counted as one aquafarm.
On the other hand, since fish pens and fish cages are two different types of aquafarms, there are two aquafarms considered. Fish pens should be counted as the first aquafarm, while the two fish cages should be counted as the second aquafarm.
G35: Aquafarm/s operated by the household members
For each aquafarm identified in G34, ask the respondent, “Who among the household members are operator/s of the aquafarm?”.
Select only among the household members listed in A01 on who are co-operator/s of the aquafarm provided. In PAPI, enter the corresponding line number of the household member.
G36: Location of the aquafarm
Item G36 aims to determine the location of each aquafarm identified in G34. Ask the respondent, “Where is the aquafarm located?”.
The choices on the location of the aquafarm are as follows:
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Within the barangay |
| 2 | Outside the barangay but within the city/municipality |
| 3 | Outside the barangay and city/municipality |
Select ‘1’ for Within the barangay if the aquafarm is located in the current barangay of residence of the household; ‘2’ for Outside the barangay but within the city/municipality if the parcel is located outside the current barangay of residence of the household but within the city/municipality of the household; and ‘3’ for Outside the barangay and city/municipality if the parcel is both outside the current barangay and city/municipality of residence of the household.
G37: Type of the aquafarm
This question aims to categorize each aquafarm operated by the household.
Ask the respondent, “What is the type of the aquafarm being operated by the household?”.
Select the type of aquafarm according to the list given below. If the response does not fall under pre-determined categories, select ‘9’ for Others, specify the response in the space provided.
Refer below for the type of aquafarm and its corresponding code and description.
| Code | Type of aquafarm | Description | Illustration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fishpond | A body of water (artificial or natural) where fish and other aquatic products are cultured, raised, or cultivated under controlled conditions. This is a land-based type of aquafarm. Examples of species usually cultured in fishponds are milkfish (bangus), tilapia, hito (catfish), carp, siganid (samaral), sea bass (apahap), prawn (sugpo), shrimp (hipon), and crab (alimango). | |
| 2 | Fish tank | A land-based structure made of wood, glass, metal, or cement, usually rectangular or cylindrical in shape designed to grow and culture fish for breeding and seed fish production. It may be constructed below or above the ground level and capable of holding and interchanging water. | |
| 3 | Fish pen | refers to a fish enclosure made of closely-woven bamboo screens, nylon screens or nets or other materials attached to poles staked at the bottom up to the surface of the lake, river or other shallow bodies of water for the purpose of growing and/or culturing of fish to various sizes in fresh, brackish and marine waters. A fish pen varies in shapes. Its enclosure covers the entire water depth from the water surface down to the bottom. Examples of species cultured in fish pens are milkfish (bangus), carp, tilapia and sea bass (apahap). NOTE: Fish corral (baklad) which is used for trapping fish in tidal waters or along the natural paths of fish is not considered fish pen. Both have similar features and materials used. The only difference is that a fish pen is a fish enclosure where fish from outside the enclosure cannot enter while a fish corral is constructed with openings to serve as fish trap. | |
| 4 | Fish cage | refers to a stationary or floating fish enclosure made of synthetic net, wire/bamboo screen or other materials set in the form of inverted mosquito net (hapa type) with or without cover with all sides either tied to poles staked to the bottom of the water or with anchored floats for aquaculture purposes. A fish cage is suitable in the culture of fish species that burrow into the lake bottom because it limits the fish inside the confines of the cage. Examples of species cultured in fish cages are milkfish (bangus), tilapia, carp, grouper (lapu-lapu), siganid (samaral), and sea bass (apahap). | |
| 5 | Seaweed farm | “A farm for cultivating seaweeds in suitable water areas by any method with appropriate intensive care for production in commercial quantities.”The culture of seaweeds may be carried out by tying them to stones, straw lines, nets, and other instruments which are set in a manner that is elevated from the sea bottom to protect them from predators in the sea. Examples of varieties of seaweeds which can be cultured are eucheuma (gozo), gracilaria (gulaman dagat), and caulerpa (lato). Gathering of seaweeds is not classified under aquaculture but in the gathering of aquatic products under fishing operation. | |
| 6 | Mussel farm | A farm for cultivating mussels (tahong) in suitable water areas by any method with appropriate intensive care for production purposes. | |
| 7 | Oyster farm | A farm for cultivating oysters (talaba) in suitable water areas by any method with appropriate intensive care for production purposes. | |
| 9 | Others, specify _____ | Includes aquafarms which cannot be classified in the aforementioned types of aquafarms. Examples are farms for culturing pearl, cockles, abalone, and the following:
| |
G38: Size of the aquafarm
For each aquafarm being operated by a certain household member, ask the respondent, “What is the measurement of the aquafarm?”. You may also ask this question directly to the household member concerned if he or she is present in the household at the time of the interview.
Size may be measured in terms of pond area (per hectare) or pond volume (per cubic meter). To further help the respondent in answering, ask a follow-up question, “What is the area (in square meter), depth (in meter), and volume (in cubic meter) of the aquafarm?”.
Be guided with the instruction on how to get the measurement of the aquafarm:
| TYPE OF AQUAFARM (G37) | MEASUREMENT OF AQUAFARM (G38) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Area | Depth | Volume | |
| Fishpond | ✔ | ||
| Fish tank | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Fish pen | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Fish cages | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Seaweed Farm | ✔ | ||
| Mussel Farm | ✔ | ||
| Oyster Farm | ✔ | ||
| Others, Specify | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Make sure that the type of water environment reported is the specific for the type of aquafarm answered in G37.
- Fishpond, seaweed farm, mussel farm, and oyster farm are measured using area.
- Fish tank, fish pen, and fish cages are measured using area, depth, and volume.
- Other type of aquafarms should indicate an area, depth, or volume based on the answer of the respondent.
Be guided with the instruction on how to get the measurement of the aquafarm:
If the respondent cannot provide the exact area of the fishpond, fish pen, fish cage, seaweed farm, oyster farm, and mussel farm, ask for the length and the width and compute the area based on the information given (2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual).
If the respondent does not know the exact volume of fish tank or hatchery, ask the length, width, and depth of the tank/hatchery to compute for the volume (2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual).
If the respondent does not know the exact volume of fish tank or hatchery, ask the length, width, and depth of the tank/hatchery to compute for the volume (2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual).
Area (in sq. m.) = Length (in meters) x Width (in meters)
Volume (in cubic meters) = Length (in meters) x Width (in meters) x Depth (in meters)
G39: Type of water environment
Item G39 aims to identify the type of water environment that is being used in each type of aquafarm operated/managed.
Ask the respondent, “What is the type of water environment used in the aquafarm?”.
Below are the types of water environment used in the aquafarm:
| Code | Type of aquafarm's water environment | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freshwater | Water environment without salt or marine water origin. It is pure freshwater with no mixture of seawater. Examples are Laguna de Bay, Taal Lake, rivers, canals, dams, rice paddies/ rice fields, lakes, ponds, and springs. (Source: 2012 CAF) |
| 2 | Brackish water | Mixed seawater and freshwater environment with salinity of less than 30 parts per thousand (ppt) that varies with the tide. Some examples are mangroves, swamps, and mouths of rivers, where seawater meets the fresh water. (Source: 2012 CAF) |
| 3 | Marine water | Seawater environment with a salinity ranging from 30-40 ppt consisting of ocean, bay, gulf, and channels. It is pure saltwater. Some marine waters are the Manila Bay, Batangas Coast, and West Philippine Sea. (Source: 2012 CAF) |
Choose the type of water environment for each aquafarm. Select only one for each aquafarm used by the household. Refer below on which type of water environment reported should be for the specific type of aquafarm identified in G38.
| TYPE OF AQUAFARM (G37) | MEASUREMENT OF AQUAFARM (G39) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Freshwater | Brackish water | Marine water | |
| Fishpond | ✔ | ✔ | |
| Fish tank | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Fish pen | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Fish cages | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Seaweed Farm | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Mussel Farm | ✔ | ✔ | |
| Oyster Farm | ✔ | ✔ | |
| Others, Specify | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Ensure that the type of water environment reported is specific for the type of aquafarm reported in G37.
- Fishponds exist in freshwater and brackish water.
- Fish tank, fish pen, fish cages, seaweed farm exist in freshwater, brackish water, and marine water.
- Mussel farm and oyster farm exist in brackish water and marine water
- Other type of aquafarms exists either in freshwater, brackish water, or marine water based on the answer of the respondent.
G40: Tenurial status of the aquafarm
Tenurial status pertains to the right under which land is held.
Tenure status is primarily categorized into three types of ownership: Owned, Government-owned, and Other type of ownership. Sub-categories are defined in the table below.
Ask the respondent, “What is the tenurial status of the aquafarm?”. Refer to the choices and choose the answer as provided by the respondent. If the tenurial status is not among the choices, choose Others and specify the status in the space provided.
| Code | Tenurial status | Related definitions |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Owned | A land used in aquafarm is operated with a title of ownership in the name of the holder and consequently, the right to determine the nature and extent of the use of the land. Included in this category are lands whose absolute ownership is vested in the holder through sale, and inheritance. An aquafarm, which is a part of the holding, is also considered fully owned if the holder has an absolute deed to the sale of the land. Likewise, lands of the tillers with emancipation Patent are considered fully owned. |
| 02 | Owned-like | A land used in an aquafarm is under the conditions that enable a person to operate it as if he/she is the owner although he/she does not possess a title of ownership has not been transferred to the heirs. Also included in this category are inherited lands without title of ownership and those held under tax declaration. Further, this category also includes areas without legal title of ownership which is operated incontestably and uninterruptedly by the holder for a period of 30 years or more, even without the permission of the owner, and lands being purchased on installment basis or under long-term contract. |
| 03 | Government-owned with Fishpond Lease Agreement (FLA) | Fishpond Lease Agreement is an agreement entered into by and between the Secretary of Agriculture and qualified fishpond applicant for the use of the public for fishpond development purposes for a period of twenty-five (25) years. (Fisheries Administrative Order No. 197, series of 2000) Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) has the responsibility of granting so called Fishpond Lease Agreements (FLAs) for public lands, primarily to fisher folk cooperatives/associations. Generally, public lands "such as tidal swamps, mangroves, marshes, foreshore lands and ponds suitable for fishery purposes" are under the jurisdiction of DENR. The latter may declare public lands as alienable and disposable for fishpond purposes and release them to the jurisdiction of BFAR. (Source: fao.org) |
| 04 | Government-owned without FLA | |
| 05 | Government-owned with Gratuitous Permit | Gratuitous Permit is a permit issued to any individual or entity engaged in noncommercial scientific or educational undertaking to collect wildlife. (RA No. 9147) |
| 06 | Government-owned with City/Municipal License | The Fisheries Code requires all LGUs to enact, in consultation with the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (FARMCs), a basic Municipal Fisheries Ordinance (MFO) delineating the boundaries of the municipal waters as defined in the Code and providing the rules and regulations on licensing and permits and other fishery activities. Duly registered fisherfolk organizations/cooperatives have preference in the grant of fishery rights by the LGUs. Municipal waters are defined as to include streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and tidal waters within the municipality (and which are not included within protected areas. (Source: fao.org) |
| 07 | Lessee/Rented | Lessee is the party who gets the right to use an aquafarm for a specific period and makes periodic payments to the lessor based on their agreement. For the duration of the lease period, the lessee is responsible for taking care of the aquafarm and conducting regular maintenance whenever necessary. |
| 08 | Sub-lessee | A sublease is a rental agreement where the original lessee (tenant) rents out the premises to another person called the sub-tenant or sub-lessee. (Source: efinancemanagement.com) |
| 09 | Sub-sub lessee | A sub-sub lessee is the lessee to the sub-lessee. The sub-lessee becomes a lessor to the sub-sub lessee. |
| 10 | Rent-free | land is operated without the title of ownership and without paying rent but with the consent or permission of the landowner. |
| 99 | Others, specify _____ | lands held as mortgage and all other lands not falling under categories 1 to 10, including lands occupied without consent of owner for less than 30 years Also included in this category is a land used by a person, wherein such land is mortgaged to him/her. If the land used by a person is his/her own but already mortgaged to another person, the tenure status of the land will also fall under this category |
G41: Machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used for aquafarming
To capture the level of mechanization among households with aquaculture operation activities, this question is to be asked.
In CAPI, ask the respondent, “How many were the machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools being used by the household in the aquafarm?”. Enter the number of machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools as provided by the respondent.
Then, ask the respondent, “What are the machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used by the household in the aquafarm operation?”. It is also highly encouraged to ask this question to the household member who operates the aquafarm/s of the household.
In PAPI, write the machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools used for aquafarming by the household as mentioned by the respondent. The corresponding codes of the aquafarm machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools can be accessed thru the CBMS Resources under Codebook and Showcards.
Use the showcards provided to help the respondent in answering this question item. Indicate/list all the equipment he/she cited.
The following are some examples of machineries, equipment, and facilities used in the aquafarm.
| Code | Machineries, equipment, and facilities | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| 0301 | Nets | Image source: http://www.fao.org/3/E7171E/E7171E07.htm |
| 0101 | Boat/raft | Image source:https://sea-machines.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Sea-Machines-Autonomous-Aquaculture-Workboats-4218x2109.jpg |
| 0102 | Weighing scale | Image source: https://p.globalsources.com/IMAGES/PDT/BIG/367/B1184370367.jpg |
| 0103 | Paddle wheels | The Thai-made paddlewheel aerator towed by tractor (After Menasveta and Leeviriyaphanda, 1982) Image source: http://www.fao.org/3/E7171E/E7171E07.htm |
| 0104 | Aerators/blower | Image source: https://sc04.alicdn.com/kf/H1003cbb5a754495eb1399f18f18e225bo.jpg |
| 0105 | Oxygen tank | Image source: https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/Nickersonpic1.jpg |
| 0106 | Fish grader | Image source: https://www.checkscales.com/themes/simplebootx/Upload/W_177/YJ1585724775/6076a0936e049.jpg |
| 0107 | Fish container | Image source:https://image.made-in-china.com/202f0j00iDqfChHKkOod/Fiberglass-FRP-GRP-Insulated-Container-for-Fish-Farming-Outdoor-Indoor-FRP-Tank.jpg |
| 0108 | Hatching cones | Image source: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/news/releases/PublishingImages/072512-zebrafish-slideshow/Brine_Shrimp_Hatching_Cones.jpg |
| 0109 | Incubator | Image source: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_UzuQmKcOpvU/TIWBXlSIETI/AAAAAAAAAGo/yc6nQZzT2ls/s320/Fiberglass+incubators.jpg |
| 0110 | Refractometer and other water quality monitoring equipment | Image source: https://www.aquafauna.com/refractometer |
| 0111 | Water pump | Image source: https://www.hcppump.com/list/cate-147103.htm |
| 0113 | Feed grinder | Image source: https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2005/10/Bortonepic1.jpg |
| 0114 | Feed dispenser | Image source: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/8Xdpw67x-lHxgvhIQ3hAhqMmfV-z8sqTh__PUR3-n4FnewKMZN0WQT-YivF-jhPqtz0yc1SEvfeWgvd-ktBxJ2C8tdbSPmq6a_CT2VAD7gIGLSdXYIsXy-_n |
G42: Inventory of aquaculture machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools
The machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools that are used by the household for their aquafarm/s and are listed in G41 will be shortlisted here.
This question asks about the number of machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools that are owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for their aquafarm activity.
Ask the respondent, “How many of the following machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools are used by the household in the aquafarm operation?”.
Indicate the number under each of the categories, i.e., owned, rented, and used rent-free. Make sure that there are answers to all the listed machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools. Compute the total number of machineries, equipment, facilities, and other tools. Then, verify with the respondent the computed totals.
G43: Aquafarm operation in the past three (3) years
Ask the respondent, “In the past three (3) years (March 01, 2022 – February 28, 2023), has your household continuously been operating an aquafarm in your current city/municipality of residence?”.
Continuously operating in aquaculture means that the household has performed operations or undertaken work in the said activity for all possible seasons or cycles of production during the reference period..
Select ‘1’ for Yes if the household is operating an aquafarm operation in the last three (3) years from the reference period within the city/municipality of their current residence.
Select ‘2’ for No if the household did not operate an aquafarm operation for at least three (3) years within the city/municipality or is operating for less than three (3) years within the city/municipality of residence. Then, proceed to G47.
G44: Change in aquaculture production
Ask the respondent, “Compared with three (3) years ago (2020), did your household’s harvest decrease, increase, or remain the same?”.
Take note of the following description for each answer and their respective skipping pattern:
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Decrease The volume of aquaculture production in 2023 is less than the volume of aquaculture production in 2020. | |
| 2 | Increase The volume of aquaculture production in 2023 is greater than the volume of aquaculture production in 2020. | GO TO G47 |
| 3 | Remain the same The volume of aquaculture production in 2023 is (more or less) the same level compared to the volume of aquaculture production in 2020. |
Indicate in the space provided the code corresponding to the respondent’s answer. If the respondent answered ‘2’ for Increase, or ‘3’ for Remain the same, skip to G47.
Ensure that the volume of aquafarm harvest in 2020 referred to by the respondent is in the same season and comparable with that of 2023 i.e., volume of aquafarm harvest in Jan - March 2020 and Jan - March 2023.
G45: Primary reason for the decrease in harvest from the aquafarm/s
This item is to be asked if the answer in G44 is ‘1’ for Decrease.
Ask the respondent, “What was the primary reason for the decrease in harvest from the aquafarm/s?”. Choose the reason that best describes the answer of the respondent.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Affected by natural calamities (typhoons, floods, soil erosions, excessive heat, etc.) | |
| 2 | Sudden change of weather conditions | |
| 3 | Pollution/contamination | |
| 4 | Pests and diseases | |
| 5 | High cost of material inputs | GO TO G47 |
| 6 | Competition with imported species | |
| 9 | Others, specify _____ |
As much as possible, let the respondent think about the primary reason. If the answer is not in the predetermined list (i.e., categories from ‘1’ to ‘6’), select ‘9’ for Others, specify. Then, indicate in the space provided the other reason mentioned by the respondent.
Remember to only read aloud the choices, if the respondent is having a hard time answering to avoid leading the answer. If the respondent answered ‘5’, ‘6’, or ‘9’, skip to G47.
G46: Percentage decrease in the latest aquafarm harvest
This item will be asked if the answer in G45 is due to climate-related events/pest/diseases/disasters, i.e., any one of the categories from ‘1’ to ‘4’.
Ask the question, “What is the percentage decrease in the latest harvest due to (reason for decrease in production) compared to your household’s harvest three (3) years ago?”.
Mention the identified reason for decrease in production as provided by the respondent in G45. Indicate the percentage decrease in the space provided based on the answer of the respondent. You may also refer to G26 to implement similar guidelines in estimating decrease in volume of production due to extreme events/natural disasters.
G47: Use of boats/vessels for fish capture
This item is to be asked if the answer in G12 where his/her agricultural activity is ‘1’ for Yes for D - Fish capture and answer in G15 is ‘1’ for Operator in own household fish capture activity.
Fishing boat/vessel refers to any boat, ship or other watercraft equipped to be used for taking fishery species in the performance of any activity related to fishing. This includes raft and improvised boats such as boats made of plastic container, salbabida, etc.
This item is used to determine if boats/vessels are used by the household for their fishing activity. Take note that G47 to G57 are to be asked by referring to household members who are OPERATORS involved in FISH CAPTURE activity.
Ask the question, “Did any member of the household use boat/vessel for fish capture in the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 - February 28, 2023)?”. If the respondent answered ‘1’ for Yes, proceed to G48. If the answer is ‘2’ for No, skip to G51.
G48: Number of boats/vessels used by the household for fish capture
After determining that the household uses a boat/vessel for fishing, this question will be asked to determine the number of boats/vessels being used.
Ask the respondent, “In the past 12 months (March 01, 2022 - February 28, 2023), how many boats/vessels did the household use for fish capture?”. Indicate the number of boats/vessels being used by the household for fishing in the line provided.
Please put NOTES/REMARKS when the boats/vessels are shared by some household members when fishing. Indicate total number of boats/vessels used by the household. Then indicate the line numbers of household members sharing the use of each boat/vessel.
G49: Ownership of the boat/vessel
Ask the respondent, “Is the boat/vessel used in fish capture owned, or not owned/rented?”. Select one from the two choices given below.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Owned |
| 2 | Not owned/rented |
G50: Type of fishing boat/vessel
For each boat or vessel, ask the respondent, “What is the type of the fishing boat/vessel used for fish capture?”.
Four (4) types are identified in the list and are numbered from ‘1’ to ‘4’. Choose one of the identified types for each boat/vessel being used by the household for fish capture as provided by the respondent. Select only one among the choices to best represent the type of boat/vessel.
| Code | Type of boat-vessel | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boat with engine and outrigger | Image source: getmyboat.com |
| 2 | Boat with engine but without outrigger | Image source: yachtfocus.com |
| 3 | Boat without engine but with outrigger | Image source: wikimedia.org |
| 4 | Boat without engine and outrigger | Image source: cdn.britannica.com |
G51: Location of fish capture operations
A fishing operation done to catch fish in the wild is largely categorized as fish capture. This could be done in inland waters, marine waters, or both (marine and inland waters). Technical definitions of these water environments are described below.
Ask the respondent, “Where is the fish capture operation usually performed?”. Choose one from the options given below:
| Code | Location | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | In inland waters only | Refers to bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, dams, paddy/rice fields, estuaries, marshes, and ponds usually consisting of fresh water or brackish water environments |
| 2 | In marine waters only | Refers to seawater environment with a salinity ranging from 30 to 40 ppt consisting of ocean, bay, gulf, and channels. It is pure saltwater, such as Manila Bay, West Philippine Sea, and Albay Gulf |
| 3 | In inland and marine waters | Refers to conduct of fish capture operation in both marine/seawater and fresh water or brackish water environments |
G52: Type of fishing gears/accessories being used in the fish capture operation
To measure the level of mechanization in the fishing sector, similar with the agricultural sector, ask for the types of fishing gears/accessories being used in the fishing operation.
For CAPI, ask the respondent, “How many were the types of fishing gears/accessories used by the household in the fish capture operation?”. Enter the number of fishing gears/accessories being used as provided by the respondent.
Then, ask the respondent, “What were the types of fishing gears/accessories used by the household in the fish capture operation?”.
In PAPI, write in the name of the fishing gears/accessories used by the household then access the CBMS Resources under Codebook and Showcards to determine their corresponding codes. Use code ‘9999’ - Other fishing gears/accessories in the box provided, then, specify the fishing gears/accessories as provided by the respondent.
Use the showcards provided to help the respondent in answering this question item. Indicate/list all the gears/accessories he/she cited.
The following are the gears/accessories commonly used in aquafarms with their corresponding descriptions and images.
| Code | Gears for fish capture | Description | Illustrations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0401 | Handline (pangawil, kawil, bingwit) | A fishing method in which a line with a hook with baits is lowered into the water (fao.org) | Image source: atuna.com |
| 0802 | Gill net (pante; lagarete patuloy; palagiang paningahan; bating o halang) | A curtain-like net in which the capture of fishes affected by the actual meshes of the net | Image source: fishbio.com |
| 0502 | Fish Trap (barikada; koral; fish shelter; salakab) | A trap that entices fish by employment of strong-smelling baits or by the simulation of natural living conditions, hiding places or nesting facilities, i.e., fish corrals | Image source: 2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual |
| 0405 | Bottom set longline | Consists of a mainline and snoods with baited hooks at regular intervals and is set near the bottom | Image source: msc.org |
| 0704 | Lift net (salambaw) | A bag or basket-shaped net designed to be fished vertically through the water (merriam-webster.com) | Image source: fao.org |
| 0903 | Scoop net (salap or salok; bintol; paduyan; gayad) | In the form of a small bag net, with or without a handle and used entirely by hand or partly by mechanical power in which fish are captured by a dipping or scooping motion | Image source: 2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual |
| 9999 | Spear gun (panibat, pamaril) | A mechanical device that shoots a spear-like missile under water (Source: merriam-webster.com) | Image source: splashdive.com |
| 0902 | Push net | A triangularly-framed, collapsible net operated by one man and the capture effected by a forward, horizontal pushing motion along the bottom of shallow waters within wading depths | Image source: 2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual |
| 0708 | Cast net | A conically-shaped net usually operated by one man (except when used in deeper water from a boat) by casting motion to cover a small school of fish | Image source: nationalgeographic.org |
| 0407 | Troll line | A line with one or more hooks towed by a vessel used for fishing (lawinsider.com) | Image source: fao.org |
| 0605 | Squid jig (kawil pangpusit) | A line-connected device for looking squid. It is shaped like a crown (lukon), provided with multiple barbless hooks with natural baits or artificial lures at the tail potion of the artificial decoy prawn | |
| 0103 | Beach Seine (bayakos, pukod) | Also known as shore, ground or drag seine, which is operated on smooth gradually shelving shores and is always hauled toward the shore or riverbank. | |
| 0702 | Ring net (kubkob) | A fishing gear similar in structure and feature to that of a round haul seine or purse seine with a bunt at the center and flanked by two wings at the sides | |
| 0701 | Bag net (basin) | A conical or cubical net operated from outriggers or booms of a boat with the aid of light, effecting the capture the capture of fish by its dipping and lifting motion | |
| 0101 | Purse seine (pangulong) | A rectangular type of fishing gear with the bunt at one end and the lower portion provided with pursing devices or rings attached to the footrope by a ring bridle | Image source: fish.gov.au |
| 0203 | Trawl (galadgad, taksay) | Made in the form of a conical bag with the mouth kept open by various devices and the entire gear towed, trailed or trawled usually on the bottom of the sea, to capture submerged species that naturally keep at or near the bottom | Image source: 2012 CAF Enumerator’s Manual |
Select all fishing gears/accessories that apply as provided by the respondent.
G53: Inventory of Fishing Gears/Accessories
The fishing gears/accessories that the household uses as declared by the respondent in G53 will be the reference for this item.
Ask the question, “How many of these fishing gears/accessories were owned, rented, and used rent-free by the household for fish capture operation?”.
Indicate the quantity of the fishing gears/accessories under each of the categories (e.g., owned, rented, and used rent-free). Make sure that there are answers to all the listed fishing gears/accessories. Compute the total number of fishing gears/accessories and other tools. Verify with the respondent the computed totals.
G54: Operating in fish capture in the past three (3) years
Since many small-scale fisherfolk rely on the commercial and municipal waters characterized by uncontrolled environments which make them more vulnerable, they might also be affected by various elements during fishing operations. Looking further on their experience is necessary for the government to better assist them in their essential role in the economy.
Ask the respondent, “In the past three (3) years (March 2020 - February 2023), has your household continuously been operating fish capture in the municipal and/or commercial/marine waters while staying/living continuously in the city/municipality of residence?”.
Select ‘1’ for Yes if the household is operating fish capture in the municipal and/or commercial/marine waters in the last (3) years while staying/living continuously in their current barangay of residence.
Select ‘2’ for No if the household did not operate fish capture in the municipal and/or commercial/marine waters for at least three (3) years.
If the respondent answered ‘2’ for No, go to Section H. Family Income. Otherwise, proceed to G56.
G55: Change in volume of fish caught
Ask the respondent, “Compared with three (3) years ago (2020), did your household’s fish catch decrease, increase, or remain the same?”.
| Code | Description | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Decrease The volume of fish caught in 2023 is less than the volume of fish caught in 2020. | |
| 2 | Increase The volume of fish caught in 2023 is greater than the volume of fish caught in 2020. | GO TO SECTION H |
| 3 | Remain the same The volume of fish caught in 2023 is (more or less) the same level compared to the volume of fish caught in 2020. |
Indicate in the space provided the code corresponding to the respondent’s answer. If the respondent answered either ‘2’ for Increase, or ‘3’ for Remain the same, proceed to Section H. Family Income.
Ensure that the fish caught in 2020 referred to by the respondent is in the same season and comparable with that of 2023, i.e., total fish caught in Jan - March 2020 and Jan - March 2023.
G56: Primary reason for the decrease in volume of fish caught
This item is to be asked if the respondent answered ‘1’ for Decrease in G55.
Ask the respondent, “What is the primary reason for the decrease in fish catch?”. Choose the reason that best describes the answer of the respondent.
| Code | Reason | Skipping instruction |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Occurrence of coral bleaching | |
| 02 | Occurrence of fish kill | |
| 03 | Occurrence of oil spill and other kinds of pollution | |
| 04 | Frequent occurrence of typhoons | |
| 05 | Decrease in fishing area due to government restrictions | |
| 06 | Decrease in fishing area due to competition | |
| 07 | Decrease in fishes/fish stock | |
| 08 | Less frequent fishing because of the increase in fuel prices and other expenses | GO TO SECTION H |
| 09 | Shift to other forms of livelihood/employment/ business | |
| 10 | Major damage to banca/vessel | |
| 99 | Others, specify _____ |
As much as possible, let the respondent think about the primary reason. If the answer is not in the predetermined list (i.e., categories from ‘01’ to ‘10’), select ‘99’ for Others, specify. Indicate in the space provided the other reason mentioned by the respondent.
Remember to only read aloud the choices if the respondent is having a hard time answering to avoid leading the answer.
If the respondent answered ‘08’, ‘09’, ‘10’, or ‘99’, skip to Section H. Family Income.
G57: Percentage decrease in fish catch
If answers in G56 is ‘1’ for Decrease, and G57 is any of the categories from ‘01’ to 07’, ask the respondent, “What is the percentage decrease in the latest fish catch due to (reason for decrease in fish catch) compared to your volume of fish catch three (3) years ago?”.
Mention the identified reason for decrease in volume of fish caught as provided by the respondent in G56. Indicate the percentage decrease in the space provided based on the answer of the respondent. You may also refer to G26 to implement similar guidelines in estimating the decrease in volume of fish caught.