D01: Registered Voter
Ask the respondent, “Is (NAME) a registered voter?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent. If the answer is ‘1’ for Yes, proceed to D02. Otherwise, skip to D03.
A registered voter is defined as an individual who applied for voter registration and has sworn before the election officer of the city or municipality where he/she resides. Section 9 of the RA 8189 states that all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law who are at least eighteen (18) years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the election, may register as a voter.
Registered voters (aged 15 to 17 years old) for the purpose of Sangguniang Kabataan elections are also covered in this data item.
D02: Voted in the last election
Ask the respondent, “Did (NAME) vote in the last election?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent. This question is intended for all registered voters in the household.
Elections conducted in the Philippines are: 1) National and Local elections, 2) Barangay election, and 3) Sangguniang Kabataan election. As reference for the 2023 CBMS data collection, the last election was conducted in May 2022 for the National and Local positions.
Volunteerism
Items D03 to D12 gather information on the household’s volunteer work and donation activities. Questions in D03 to D09 ask about the past month, and D10 to D12 ask about the past year.
Volunteerism plays a significant role in building a cohesive and stronger community. It connects people and aims to help many to avoid exclusion.
A volunteer is defined as a person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task. Persons in volunteer work are defined as all those of working age (15 years old and over) who, during a short reference period, performed any unpaid, non-compulsory activity to produce goods or provide services for others.
Volunteer work is defined by the (ILO) as activities or work that some people willingly do without pay to promote a cause or help someone outside of their household or immediate family. Key features and considerations of volunteer work are as follows:
- It involves work for the potential benefit of a recipient other than the person undertaking the activity.
- It is unpaid or compensation received is insignificant.
- The cash support that volunteers may receive should be below one third of local market wages. If it is equal to or higher than this threshold, then the work cannot be considered to be unpaid.
- It is non-compulsory or non-obligatory. Volunteer activity must involve a significant element of choice. Persons engage in these activities willingly, without being legally or institutionally obligated or otherwise coerced to do so. However, social obligations, such as peer pressure, parental pressure, or expectations of social groups, do not make the activity compulsory.
- It embraces both informal volunteering and formal volunteering. Informal volunteering is engaging in volunteer activities directly with individuals whereas formal volunteering is working with nonprofit or other types of organizations to render volunteer work.
- It does not include work done without pay for members of one’s household or immediate family.
EXCLUDED from the concept of volunteer work are the following:
- community service and work by prisoners ordered by a court or similar authority, compulsory military or alternative civilian service;
- unpaid work required as part of education or training programs (e.g., unpaid trainees); and
- work for others performed during the working time associated with employment, or during paid time off from an employee job granted by the employer. (2013 ILO).
| Tips | Examples (with PSOC codes) |
|---|---|
| Included in volunteer work concept | ☑️ Volunteering as a teacher in a public school ○ 234101 - volunteer educator - primary school teacher ○ 235601 - volunteer educator - IT-related ○ 531201 - volunteer educator - assisting in educational programmes, and assisting in teaching or training others to acquire new skills ○ 531202 - assisting in educational programmes, and assisting in teaching or training others to acquire new skills ☑️ Serving in labor or employee’s union ○ 111401 - serve in labor or employees’ union - serve on the board or governing committee of an organization ☑️ Serving in neighborhood clean-up committee ○ 911201 - clean up after an event ○ 242101 - serve in the management team of non-profit organizations and/or social action groups - serve on a planning or management committee ○ 242102 - serve on a planning or management committee ○ 243201 - serve in the management team of non-profit organizations and/or social action groups - campaign for a cause / disseminate information addressing public concerns ☑️ Working at a voter registration drive ○ 243202 - work on voter’s education drives including independent poll watch - campaign for a cause / disseminate information addressing public concerns ○ 261901 - work on voter’s education drives including independent poll watch - volunteers working as observers during elections ☑️ Distributing food, medical, or material assistance to a shelter or during calamities ○ 325801 - community disaster volunteer - disaster relief workers ○ 325802 - disaster relief workers ○ 325803 - provide emergency medical care ○ 513101 - assist in supplemental feeding programs - serving meals as help to others ○ 513102 - serving meals as help to others ○ 515201 - community disaster volunteer - provide shelter to victims of a natural disaster ○ 515203 - provide shelter to victims of a natural disaster ○ 531102 - provide assistance in different social welfare and development programs/activities (e.g., care for the elderly, foster parent, assist orphanages and nursing homes, etc.) - babysitting and childcare as help to others (short-term foster care) ○ 532201 - provide assistance in different social welfare and development programs/activities (e.g., care for the elderly, foster parent, assist orphanages and nursing homes, etc.) - support and help elderly people or persons with disabilities in their home ☑️ Serving as a deacon or usher at your church ○ 341302 - usher or greet ☑️ Helping a nonprofit environmental organization gather water samples without compensation ○ 112101 - serve in the management team of non-profit organizations and/or social action groups - managers of specialized divisions of organizations ○ 311201 - make improvements to the public areas of your community, such as roads, bridges, water supplies, electricity, public utilities ☑️ Providing free legal advice at a legal services agency for indigent prisoners and families ○ 261101 - provide free legal advice and assistance - legal services exactly as paid lawyers do ○ 261102 - provide pro bono legal or dispute resolution services ☑️ Making clothes for disadvantaged children ☑️ Constructing housing for homeless families ○ 515201 - community disaster volunteer - provide shelter to victims of a natural disaster ○ 515203 - provide shelter to victims of a natural disaster ○ 711101 - assist in house-build programs (e.g., Gawad Kalinga, Habitat for Humanity) - construction, renovation, and repairs of dwellings, historical sites, buildings, and other structures as help to others ○ 711102 - construction, renovation and repairs of dwellings, historical sites, buildings, and other structures as help to others |
| Excluded from volunteer work concept | ✖ Helping own child to do his/her homework ✖ Conducting business for profit ✖ Cleaning up one’s own yard ✖ Voting ✖ Driving a family member to a hospital for medical care ✖ Attending religious service ✖ Doing research for one’s occupation ✖ Being paid for legal advice or assistance ✖ Fixing clothes for one’s own children ✖ Fixing one’s own home |
Adapted from: ILO Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work
Furthermore, below are some of the government and non-government programs which employs volunteer work:
Government programs employing volunteer work
| Programs, Projects, Activities | Volunteer Work |
|---|---|
| Livelihood for Rural-Based Organizations | ● Bantay Dagat ● 4 – H Club |
| Agriculture and Fisheries Council - Municipal to National levels | ● Asist the DA in the broad-based monitoring and coordination of the agriculture and fisheries modernization process |
| Sustainable Fisheries | ● Fishers adopting more sustainable and better-regulated fishing behaviors (e.g., become a registered fisher; record fish catch; respect fishing regulations; and participate in fisheries management) |
| Community Gardening and Gulayan sa Paaralan | ● Set-up and maintain communal or school gardens that will help provide nutritious food to school children and poor members of the community |
| Improvement of School Facilities - Brigada Eskwela | ● Participate in Brigada Eskwela |
| Alternative Learning System (ALS) - Barangay Literacy worker | ● Conduct house to house survey of potential ALS learners ● Conduct literacy classes/sessions |
| National Greening Program | ● Tree planting & maintenance of forests in terrestrial and coastal areas ● set-up and maintain tree nurseries |
| Environmental Cleanup Drives | ● Promote and maintain cleanliness, orderliness, and environmental awareness and protection particularly to advocate proper solid waste management, recycling as a source of livelihood, and environmental conservation |
| Engagement/empowerment of citizenry - Response and feedback mechanisms | ● Report to LGUs corruption and illegal drug issues and concerns in their respective locality e.g., Mamamayang Ayaw sa Anomalya, Mamamayang Ayaw sa Iligal na Droga (MASA-MASID) ● Monitor and facilitate access of qualified beneficiaries to government support and services e.g., NAPC's Kasambayanihan |
| Citizens Participatory Audit | ● Citizen Auditor of government funded projects |
| LGU - CSO/Private Sector Medical - Dental Missions | ● Provide medical and dental assistance and expertise to the poor population |
| Barangay Health Workers | ● Provide basic health check and link communities with health and related service providers |
| Supplemental Feeding program | ● Assist in food preparation and distribution and monitoring of beneficiaries |
| Barangay Nutrition Scholars Program | ● Monitor the nutritional status of children and/or link communities with nutrition and related service providers |
| Nationwide Immunization Program/Campaigns | ● Provide technical and support services in the conduct of the program |
| Support to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) | ● Provide technical and administrative support services to MSMEs |
| Lupong Tagapamayapa - private citizen members | ● Help to bring opposing parties together and effect amicable settlement of differences at the barangay level |
| Free Legal Assistance | ● Provide pro-bono legal services |
| Barangay peacekeeping and security - Barangay tanod | ● Barangay public safety officer or barangay peacekeeping and security officer |
| Community Disaster Volunteer Corps | ● Participate in disaster relief and risk management (DRRM) activities |
| DSWD National Volunteer Program | ● Assistance in DSWD managed Centers ● Packing and distribution of relief good in times of disaster ● Provide psycho-social support to victims of abuse and disaster and other technical expertise in different social welfare and development programs |
| Early Childhood Education - Day Care workers | ● Teach children in daycare centers |
| Culture and heritage conservation | ● Inventory and documentation of potential cultural heritage sites and structures ● Museum guides ● Local culture and arts advocates |
| Promotion of local tourism | ● Local/community tour guide |
Non-government programs employing volunteer work
| Programs, Projects, Activities | Volunteer Work |
|---|---|
| Agritourism | ● Learn organic and indigenous farming technologies towards the promotion of organic farming and in sustaining the local indigenous farming systems which are built on the respect for the land |
| School Microfarm Project | ● Set-up and maintain productive microfarms utilizing otherwise idle public-school spaces that will provide access to vegetables in urban communities showcasing effective urban agriculture technologies. |
| Conservation and protection of marine resources | ● Do IECs and capacity building of stakeholders |
| participate in clean-up drives | |
| Support to communities and culture of Indigenous People (IP) | ● Provide various development programs, projects, and activities such as livelihood, health, supplemental feeding for the benefit of indigenous people |
| ● Conduct literacy and numeracy teaching IP children who are having difficulties attending classes because they have to cross seven rivers just to get to school | |
| Alternative Learning System (ALS) | ● Implement literacy projects to out-of-school youths in coordination government institutions |
| Street education | ● Teach street children or in other open public spaces e.g., cemetery |
| Mentoring and tutorial services | ● Provide after school mentoring and tutoring services to slow learners in public schools |
| Children's Forest Program | ● Educates school children and communities about the environment through tree planting and other related environmental activities |
| Environmental clean-up | ● Promote and maintain cleanliness, orderliness, and environmental awareness and protection particularly to advocate proper solid waste management, recycling as a source of livelihood, and environmental conservation |
| Important Biodiversity Area Monitoring System | ● Concern local community members working with governments and other sectors to study and conserve their natural resources |
| Supplemental Feeding program | ● Assist in food preparation and distribution and monitoring of beneficiaries |
| Medical - Dental Missions | ● Provide pro-bono medical and dental services |
- Government programs employing volunteer work
| Programs, Projects, Activities Volunteer Work | Volunteer Work |
|---|---|
| Livelihood for Rural-Based Organizations | Bantay Dagat |
| Improvement of School Facilities - Brigada Eskwela | Participate in Brigada Eskwela |
| Barangay Health Workers | Provide basic health check and link communities with health and related service providers |
- Non-government programs employing volunteer work
| Programs, Projects, Activities Volunteer Work | Volunteer Work |
|---|---|
| Street Education | Teach street children or in other open public spaces e.g., cemetery |
| Supplemental Feeding program | Assist in food preparation and distribution and monitoring of beneficiaries |
D03: Volunteer work in the past month
Data items D03 to D13 will only be asked if B06 is code ‘4’ for Student abroad, ‘5’ for Tourist, or ‘7’ for Resident.
Ask the respondent, “In the past month, did (NAME) do voluntary work or spend any time helping?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent. If the answer is Yes, proceed to D04. If No, skip to D05.
The past month reference period refers to the last 30 days before the day in which the interview is conducted. The start and end dates for the reference period should be specified. For example, the interview is conducted on March 01, 2023. The reference period of “past month” should then be specified as in this example: “In the past month, from February 01, 2023 up to yesterday, February 28, 2023, did (NAME) do voluntary work or spend any time helping?”.
Help provided in the form of donations only (i.e., gifts, cash donations) without actual time spent for volunteer activities, as well as unpaid help provided in family businesses or in paid jobs held by family members (this is employment) are not considered as volunteer work.
D04: Beneficiary/ies of volunteer work in the past month
Ask the respondent, “To whom did (NAME) provide volunteer work or spend any time helping?”. Select all that applies among the categories that (NAME) rendered volunteer work for or spent time helping.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| A | Friends, neighbors, strangers |
| B | Organizations, associations, clubs, institutions (such as NGOs, religious organizations, sports clubs, schools, online groups, etc.) |
| C | Community |
| D | Nature, wild/street animals (such as dogs, cats, birds, fish, etc.) |
The following are relevant definitions based on the 2021 ILO Manual in Measuring Volunteer Work:
- Friends, neighbors, strangers
This refers to cases where unpaid help was provided to individuals who are not members of the respondent’s family or household. If for some reason the respondent will report helping family members (e.g., parents, spouse, own children, siblings) then the interviewer will have to explain that only help given to non-household and non-family members must be considered. - Organizations, associations, clubs, institutions
This refers to cases where respondents voluntarily performed unpaid work for/through economic units of different types, registered or not, private, or public, market-oriented or non-profit. This code also includes unpaid work done for virtual or online interest groups organized on dedicated websites, web forums, social networks, messaging apps or any other electronic platform (e.g., administrating the group, moderating messages/posts, organizing offline meetings). The text of this response option should be adapted to the national context by providing examples of organizations and interest groups for/through which people often do voluntary work. - Community
This refers to cases where unpaid help was given to the group of people living within the same geographical area (e.g., village, neighborhood, or town). - Nature, wild/street animals
This refers to cases where respondents voluntarily engaged in activities to:- clean/prevent pollution of public forests, fields, parks, beaches, lakes, etc.
- take care of/protect animals, wild birds in forests, fields, parks, on the streets.
- take care of/protect fish, mammals, reptiles, and other life forms living in public lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans.
Donation activities
Besides providing unpaid help, people may do something to donate food or other products to people or to organizations, such as charities, NGOs or [religious institutions]. Items D05 and D06 identify the donation activities of the household in the past month.
D05: Collecting and distributing donated goods in the past month
Begin by reading the introduction to the respondent:
“Besides providing unpaid help, people may do something to donate food or other products to people or to organizations, such as charities, NGOs or religious institutions.”
Ask the respondent, “In the past month, did (NAME) spend any time buying, collecting, or distributing donated products or goods?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent.
This question is intended for the identification of volunteer workers who spent any time collecting, buying, or distributing goods or products to donate, as these are unpaid services provided to the beneficiaries of donations. These activities include but are not limited to the following:
- Spearheading donation drives for victims of disasters and calamities, collecting goods from people or organizations that want to donate
- Personally buying goods for donation wherein time is spent in doing the said activity
- Transporting, delivering, or distributing donations to people or organizations (either final beneficiaries or intermediaries)
D06: Preparation of donation in the past month
Ask the respondent, “Did (NAME) spend any time preparing products or goods to be donated? (e.g., cooking, cleaning, arranging, packaging, fixing, ironing)”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent. If the answer is Yes, proceed to D07. If the answer is No, and the answer in D05 is Yes, proceed to D07. If the answer is No for both D05 and D06, skip to D10.
These activities include but are not limited to the following:
- Putting goods (food and/or non-food) into bags for distribution (e.g., instant noodles, canned goods, rice, soap, toothpaste, etc.)
- Sorting, repairing, adjusting, cleaning, ironing, and making clothes, footwear, and accessories for donation
- Making and/or repairing toys, blankets, and other household items for donation
- Cooking meals, preparing beverages for food drives and/or donation
D07 and D08: Identification of volunteer work/s provided in the past month
Ask the respondent, “What kind of help did (NAME) provide? Please name all activities that you can remember”. For CAPI, select all activities enumerated by the respondent from the provided dropdown list of PSOC categories. For PAPI, write in all activities enumerated by the respondent in the provided space, and its corresponding PSOC codes.
D09: Time spent in volunteer work in the past month
Ask the respondent, “In total, during the past month, did (NAME) spend more than one hour providing all the help you just named?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent.
This question is intended for the identification of respondents who during the past month did unpaid work for others, for at least 1 hour. The 1-hour identifier is set to reduce potential respondent burden by excluding those performing volunteer activities for less than an hour in the specified reference period.
D10: Volunteer work in the past 12 months
Ask the respondent, “Now, please think about the last 12 months. Did (NAME) volunteer/do voluntary work, or spend time providing unpaid help during this time?”. Select ‘1’ for Yes, or ‘2’ for No as provided by the respondent. If the answer is No, proceed to Section E.
This question identifies the respondents who during the last 12 months provided unpaid help to others.
The past 12 months reference period refers to 12 consecutive months before the month in which the interview is conducted. The start and end dates for the reference period should be specified. For example, the interview is conducted on March 01, 2023. The reference period of “12 months” should then be specified as in this example: “Now, please think about May 2021 up to June 2022, did (NAME) volunteer/do voluntary work, or spend more than one hour providing all the help you just named?”.
D11 and D12: Identification of volunteer work/s provided in the past 12 months
Ask the respondent, “What kind of help did (NAME) provide? Please name all activities that you can remember”. For CAPI, select all activities enumerated by the respondent from the provided dropdown list of PSOC categories. For PAPI, write in all activities enumerated by the respondent in the provided space, and its corresponding PSOC code.
Are PSOC codes used in Section D the same as in 2012 PSOC?
Per ILO Manual, only a selected number of ISCO applies to volunteer work activities. The equivalent of the ISCO codes in the 2012 PSOC codes were selected for purposes in Section D.
D13: Barangay or LGU volunteer
Ask the respondent, “Is (NAME) a barangay or local government unit volunteer?”. Select from the list provided below and write the corresponding code in the space provided. If the household member is one of the following: ‘4’ for Other barangay volunteer, ‘5’ for City/Municipality LGU volunteer, ‘6’ for Provincial LGU volunteer, write/type in the specific volunteer work that the household member does (can be a title or description of work).
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Barangay Tanod |
| 2 | Barangay Health Worker (BHW) |
| 3 | Barangay Nutrition Scholar |
| 4 | Other barangay volunteer, specify _____ |
| 5 | City/Municipality LGU volunteer, specify _____ |
| 6 | Provincial LGU volunteer, specify _____ |
| 7 | Not a barangay or an LGU volunteer |
Per ILO Manual, the target population for measuring volunteer work should be the same as the one selected for measuring labour force statistics — that is, all people of working age (15 years and above for international comparability), regardless of their labour force status or any other characteristic. This will allow data users to compare reliably levels of participation and the time spent on different forms of work. Thus, OFWs (codes 1, 2, 3 and 6 in B06) should not be covered in data items D03-D13.
CBMS Form 2 for printing to be updated to consider this spanner/skipping instruction.